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ir hair half worn off can be so classed。 One portion of the platz is now a lively and picturesque forest of evergreens； an extensive thicket of large and small trees； many of them trimmed with colored and gilt strips of paper。 I meet in every street persons lugging home their little trees； for it must be a very poor household that cannot have its Christmas tree； on which are hung the scanty store of candy； nuts； and fruit； and the simple toys that the needy people will pinch themselves otherwise to obtain。
At this season； usually； the churches get up some representations for the children； the stable at Bethlehem； with the figures of the Virgin and Child； the wise men； and the oxen standing by。 At least； the churches must be put in spick…and…span order。 I confess that I like to stray into these edifices； some of them gaudy enough when they are； so to speak； off duty； when the choir is deserted； and there is only here and there a solitary worshiper at his prayers； unless； indeed； as it sometimes happens； when I fancy myself quite alone； I come by chance upon a hundred people； in some remote corner before a side chapel； where mass is going on； but so quietly that the sense of solitude in the church is not disturbed。 Sometimes； when the place is left entirely to myself； and the servants who are putting it to rights and； as it were； shifting the scenes； I get a glimpse of the reality of all the pomp and parade of the services。 At first I may be a little shocked with the familiar manner in which the images and statues and the gilded paraphernalia are treated； very different from the stately ceremony of the morning； when the priests are at the altar； the choir is in the organ…loft； and the people crowd nave and aisles。 Then everything is sanctified and inviolate。 Now； as I loiter here； the old woman sweeps and dusts about as if she were in an ordinary crockery store： the sacred things are handled without gloves。 And； lo！ an unclerical servant； in his shirt…sleeves； climbs up to the altar； and； taking down the silver…gilded cherubs； holds them； head down； by one fat foot； while he wipes them off with a damp cloth。 To think of submitting a holy cherub to the indignity of a damp cloth！
One could never say too much about the music here。 I do not mean that of the regimental bands； or the orchestras in every hall and beer…garden； or that in the churches on Sundays； both orchestral and vocal。 Nearly every day； at half…past eleven； there is a parade by the Residenz； and another on the Marian Platz； and at each the bands play for half an hour。 In the Loggie by the palace the music…stands can always be set out； and they are used in the platz when it does not storm； and the bands play choice overtures and selections from the operas in fine style。 The bands are always preceded and followed by a great crowd as they march through the streets； people who seem to live only for this half hour in the day； and whom no mud or snow can deter from keeping up with the music。 It is a little gleam of comfort in the day for the most wearied portion of the community： I mean those who have nothing to do。
But the music of which I speak is that of the conservatoire and opera。 The Hof Theater； opera； and conservatoire are all under one royal direction。 The latter has been recently reorganized with a new director； in accordance with the Wagner notions somewhat。 The young king is cracked about Wagner； and appears to care little for other music： he brings out his operas at great expense； and it is the fashion here to like Wagner whether he is understood or not。 The opera of the 〃Meister…Singer von Nurnberg；〃 which was brought out last summer； occupied over five hours in the representation； which is unbearable to the Germans； who go to the opera at six o'clock or half…past； and expect to be at home before ten。 His latest opera； which has not yet been produced； is founded on the Niebelungen Lied； and will take three evenings in the representation； which is almost as bad as a Chinese play。 The present director of the conservatoire and opera； a Prussian； Herr von Bulow； is a friend of Wagner。 There are formed here in town two parties： the Wagner and the conservative； the new and the old； the modern and classical； only the Wagnerites do not admit that their admiration of Beethoven and the older composers is less than that of the others； and so for this reason Bulow has given us more music of Beethoven than of any other composer。 One thing is certain； that the royal orchestra is trained to a high state of perfection： its rendition of the grand operas and its weekly concerts in the Odeon cannot easily be surpassed。 The singers are not equal to the orchestra； for Berlin and Vienna offer greater inducements； but there are people here who regard this orchestra as superlative。 They say that the best orchestras in the world are in Germany； that the best in Germany is in Munich； and； therefore； you can see the inevitable deduction。 We have another parallel syllogism。 The greatest pianist in the world is Liszt； but then Herr Bulow is actually a better performer than Liszt； therefore you see again to what you must come。 At any rate； we are quite satisfied in this provincial capital； and； if there is anywhere better music； we don't know it。 Bulow's orchestra is not very large；there are less than eighty pieces； but it is so handled and drilled； that when we hear it give one of the symphonies of Beethoven or Mendelssohn； there is little left to be desired。 Bulow is a wonderful conductor； a little man； all nerve and fire； and he seems to inspire every instrument。 It is worth something to see him lead an orchestra： his baton is magical； head； arms； and the whole body are in motion； he knows every note of the compositions； and the precision with which he evokes a solitary note out of a distant instrument with a jerk of his rod； or brings a wail from the concurring violins； like the moaning of a pine forest in winter； with a sweep of his arm； is most masterly。 About the platform of the Odeon are the marble busts of the great composers； and while the orchestra is giving some of Beethoven's masterpieces； I like to fix my eyes on his serious and genius…full face； which seems cognizant of all that is passing； and believe that he has a posthumous satisfaction in the interpretation of his great thoughts。
The managers of the conservatoire also give vocal concerts； and there are； besides； quartette soiries； so that there are few evenings without some attraction。 The opera alternates with the theater two or three times a week。 The singers are； perhaps； not known in Paris and London； but some of them are not unworthy to be。 There is the baritone； Herr Kindermann； who now； at the age of sixty…five； has a superb voice and manner； and has had few superiors in his time on the German stage。 There is Frau Dietz； at forty…five； the best of actresses； and with a still fresh and lovely voice。 There is Herr Nachbar； a tenor； who has a future； Fraulein Stehle； a soprano； young and with an uncommon voice； who enjoys a large salary； and was the favorite until another soprano； the Malinger； came and turned the heads of king and opera habitues。 The resources of the Academy are； however； tolerably large； and the practice of pensioning for life the singers enables them to keep always a tolerable company。 This habit of pensioning officials； as well as musicians and poets； is very agreeable to the Germans。 A gentleman the other day； who expressed great surprise at the smallness of the salary of our President； said； that； of course； Andrew Johnson would receive a pension when he retired from office。 I could not explain to him how comical the idea was to me； but when I think of the American people pensioning Andrew Johnson；well； like the fictitious Yankee in 〃Mugby Junction；〃 〃I laff； I du。〃
There is some fashion； in a fudgy； quaint way； here in Munich； but it is not exhibited in dress for the opera。 People goand it is presumed the music is the attraction in ordinary apparel。 They save all their dress parade for the concerts； and the hall of the Odeon is as brilliant as provincial taste can make it in toilet。 The ladies also go to operas and concerts unattended by gentlemen； and are brought； and fetched away； by their servants。 There is a freedom and simplicity about this which I quite like； and； besides； it leaves their husbands and brothers at liberty to spend a congenial evening in the cafes； beer…gardens； and clubs。 But there is always a heavy fringe of young officers and gallants both at opera and concert； standing in the outside passages。 It is cheaper to stand； and one can hear quite as well； and see more。
LOOKING FOR WARM WEATHER
FROM MUNICH TO NAPLES
At all events； saith the best authority； 〃pray that your flight be not in winter；〃 and it might have added； don't go south if you desire warm weather。 In January； 1869； I had a little experience of hunting after genial skies； and I will give you the benefit of it in some free running notes on my journey from Munich to Naples。
It was the middle of January； at eleven o'clock at night； that we left Munich； on a mixed railway train； choosing that time； and the slowest of slow trains； that we might