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relating to popular insurrections in Belgium； Switzerland； Suabia；
Modena； the Roman States。 Piedmont and Upper Italy。 … Letter of an
officer in the French army dated at Turin and printed at Paris。
〃Wherever the civil commissioners pass the people rise in
insurrection； and； although I have come near being a victim of these
insurrections four times； I cannot blame the poor creatures； even the
straw of their beds is taken。 Most of Piedmont； as I wrote； has risen
against the French robbers； as they call us。 Will you be surprised
when I tell you that； since the pretended revolution of this country；
three or four months ago； we have devoured ten millions of coin；
fifteen millions of paper money； with the diamonds； furniture； etc。；
of the Crown？ The people judge us according to our actions and regard
us with horror and execrations。〃
＇123＇ Mallet…Dupan； Ibid。； number for January； 1799。 （List according
to articles； with details； figures and dates。） … Ibid。； No。 for May
25； 1799： details of the sack of Rome according to the 〃Journal〃 of M。
Duppa； an eye witness。 … Ibid。； Nos。 for February 10 and 25； 1799：
details of spoliation in Switzerland； Lombardy； Lucca and Piedmont。 …
The following figures show the robberies committed by individuals： In
Switzerland； 〃the Directorial commissary； Rapinat； the major…general；
Schawembourg and the ordinance commissary； Rouhière； each carried away
a million tournois。〃 〃Rouhière； besides this； levied 20 per cent。 on
each contract he issued； which was worth to him 350；000 livres。 His
first secretary Toussaint； stole in Berne alone； 150；000 livres。 The
secretary of Rapinat； Amberg； retired with 300；000 livres。〃 General
Lorge carried off 150；000 livres in specie； besides a lot of gold
medals taken from the H？tel…de…Ville at Berne； his two brigadier…
generals； Rampon and Pijon； each appropriated 216；000 livres。 〃Gen。
Duheur； encamped in Brisgav； sent daily to the three villages at once
the bills of fare for his meals and ordered requisitions for them； he
demanded of one； articles in kind and； simultaneously； specie of
another。 He was content with 100 florins a day； which he took in
provisions and then in money。〃 … 〃 Massena； on entering Milan at
eleven o'clock in the evening； had carried off in four hours； without
giving any inventory or receipt； all the cash…boxes of the convents；
hospitals and monts…de…piété； which were enormously rich； taking also；
among others； the casket of diamonds belonging to Prince Belgiojoso。
That night was worth to Massena 1；200；000 livres。〃 （Mallet…Dupan；
〃Mercure Britannique；〃 February 10； 1799； and 〃Journal；〃 MS。； March；
1797。） On the sentiments of the Italians； cf。 the letter of
Lieutenant Dupin； Prairial 27； year VIII。； （G。 Sand； 〃Histoire de ma
vie；〃 II。 251） one account of the battle of Marengo； lost up to two
o'clock in the afternoon； 〃I already saw that the Po； and the Tessin
were to be crossed； a country to traverse of which every inhabitant is
our enemy。〃
＇124＇ Mallet…Dupan； ibid。； number for January 10 1791。 〃December 31；
1796。 Marquis Litta had already paid assessments amounting to 500；000
livres milanais； Marquis T。； 420；000； Count Grepi 900；000； and other
proprietors in proportion。〃 Ransom of the 〃Decurioni of Milan； and
other hostages sent into France； 1；500；000 livres。〃 This is in
conformity with the Jacobin theory。 In the old instructions of
Carnot； we read the following sentence： 〃Assessments must be laid
exclusively on the rich； the people must see that we are only
liberators。。。。 Enter as benefactors of the people； and at the same
time as the scourge of the great； the rich and enemies of the French
name。〃 （Carnot； I。； 433。）
＇125＇ Ludovic Sciout； IV。； 776。 （Reports of the year VII。； Archives
Nationales； F。7； 7701 and 7718。） 〃Out of 1；400 men composing the first
auxiliary battalion of conscripts； 1087 cowardly deserted their flag
（Haute…Loire）； and out of 900 recently recruited at Puy； to form the
nucleus of the second battalion； 800 again have imitated their
example。〃 … Dufort de Cheverney； 〃Mémoires；〃 September； 1799。 〃We
learned that out of 400 conscripts confined in the （Blois） chateau；
who were to set out that night； 100 had disappeared。〃 … October 12；
1799： 〃The conscripts are in the chateau to the number of 5 or 600。
They say that they will not desert until out of the department and on
the road； so as not to compromise their families。〃 … October 14； 〃200
have deserted； leaving about 300。〃 … Archives Nationales； F。7； 3267。
（Reports every ten days on refractory conscripts or deserters arrested
by the military police； year VIII。 Department of Seine…et…Oise。） In
this department alone； there are 66 arrests in Vendémiaire； 136 in
Brumaire； 56 in Frimaire and 86 in Pluvi？se 。
＇126＇ Mallet…Dupan； No。 for January 25； 1799。 （Letter from Belgium。）
〃To…day we see a revolt like that which the United Provinces made
against the Duke of Alba。 Never have the Belgians since Philip II。
displayed similar motives for resistance and vengeance。〃
＇127＇ Decrees of Fructidor 19； year VI。 and Vendémiaire 27； year VII。
… Mallet…Dupan； No。 for November 25； 1798。）
＇128＇ M。 Léonce de Lavergne （〃Economie rurale de la France since
1789；〃 p。38） estimates at a million the number of men sacrificed in
the wars between 1792 and 1800。 … 〃Trustworthy officials； who； a year
a go； have had the official documents in their possession； have
certified to me that the war statistics for the levying of troops
between 1794 and the middle of 1795 had raised 900；000 men of whom
650；000 had been lost in battle； in the hospitals or by desertion。〃
Mallet…Dupan。 （No。 for December 10； 1798。 … Ibid。 （No。 for March
20； 1799。） 〃Dumas affirmed that； in the Legislative Corps； the
National Guard had renewed the battalions of the defenders of the
country three times。 。 。 。 The fact of the shameful administration
of the hospitals is proved through the admissions of generals；
commissaries and deputies that the soldiers were dying for want of
food and medicine。 If we add to this the extravagance with which the
leaders of the armies let the me be killed； we can readily comprehend
this triple renewal in the space of seven years。 … As an
illustration there was the village of four hundred and fifty
inhabitants in 1789 furnished （1792 and 1793） fifty soldiers。 （〃
Histoire du Village de Croissy； Seine…et…Oise pendant la Revolution；〃
by Campenon。）。… La Vendée was a bottomless pit； like Spain and Russia
afterwards。 〃A good republican； who entrusted with the supply the
Vendée army with provisions for fifteen months； assured me that out of
two hundred thousand men whom he had seen precipitated into this gulf
there were not ten thousand that came of it。〃 （Meissner； 〃Voyage à
Paris；〃 p。338； latter end of 1795） … The following figures
（〃Statistiques des Préfets〃 years IX。； until XI。） are exact。 Eight
departments； （Doubs； Ain； Eure； Meurthe； Aisne； Aude； Dr？me； Moselle）
furnish the total number of their volunteers； recruits and conscripts；
amounting to 193；343。 These three departments （Arthur Young； 〃Voyage
en France；〃 II。； 31） had； in 1790； a population of 2；446；000 souls：
the proportion indicates that out of 26 million Frenchmen a little
more than 2 millions were called up for military service。 … On the
other hand； five departments （Doubs； Eure； Meurthe； Aisne； Moselle）
gave； not only the number of their soldiers； 131；322； but likewise
that of their dead； 56；976； or out of 1000 men furnished 435 died。
This proportion shows 870；000 dead out of two million soldiers。
＇129＇ The statistics of the prefects and reports of council…generals
of the year IX。 all agree in the statements of the notable diminution
of the masculine adult population。 … Lord Malmesbury had already made
the same observation in 1796。 （〃Diary；〃 October 21 and 23； 1796； from
Calais to Paris。） 〃Children and women were working in the fields。 Men
evidently reduced in number。 。 。 。 Carts often drawn by women and
most of them by old people or boys。 It is plain that the male
population has diminished； for the women we saw on the road surpassed
the number of men in the proportion of four to one。〃 Wherever the
number of the population is filled up it is through the infantile and
feminine increase。 Nearly all the prefects and council…generals state
that precocious marriages have multiplied to excess through
conscription。 … Dufort de Cheverney； 〃Mémoires；〃 September 1st； 1800。
〃 The conscription having spared the married； all the young men
married at the age of sixteen。 The number of children in the commune
is double and triple what it was formerly。〃
＇130＇ Sauzay； X。； 471。 （Speech by Representative Biot； Aug。29； 1799。）
＇131＇ Albert Babeau； II。； 466。 （Letter of Milany； July 1； 1798； and
report by Pout； Messidor； year VI。）
＇132＇ Schmidt； III。； 374。 （Reports on the situation of the dep