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it。〃
＇100＇ Decree of Fructidor 19； year II。
＇101＇ Lally…Tollendal； 〃Défense des Emigrés；〃 （Paris。 1797； 2nd part；
49； 62； 74。 Report of Portalis to the Council of Five Hundred； Feb。
18； 1796。 〃Regard that innumerable class of unfortunates who have
never left the republican soil。〃 … Speech by Dubreuil； Aug。26； 1796。
〃The supplementary list in the department of Avignon bears 1004 or
1005 names。 And yet I can attest to you that there are not six names
on this enormous list justly put down as veritable emigrants。〃
＇102＇ Ludovic Sciout； IV。； 619。 （Report of the Yonne administration；
Frimaire； year VI。） 〃The gendarmerie went to the houses； in Sens as
well as Auxerre； of several of the citizens inscribed on the lists of
émigrés who were known never to have left their commune since the
Revolution began。 As they have not been found it is probable that
they have withdrawn into Switzerland； or that they are soliciting you
to have their names stricken off。〃
＇103＇ Decrees of Vendémiaire 20 and Frimaire 9； year VI。 … Decree of
Messidor 10。
＇104＇ Dufort de Cheverney； 〃 Mémoires。〃 （Before the Revolution he
enjoyed an income of fifty thousand livres； of which only five
thousand remain。） 〃Madame Amelot likewise reduced； rents her mansion
for a living。 Through the same delicacy as our own she did not avail
herself of the facility offered to her of indemnifying her creditors
with assignats。〃 Another lady； likewise ruined； seeks a place in some
country house in order that herself and son may live。〃 … 〃Statistique
de la Moselle；〃 by Colchen； préfet； year VI。 〃A great many people
with incomes have perished through want and through payment of
interest in paper…money and the reduction of Treasury bonds。〃 … Dufort
de Cheverney； Ibid。； March； 1799。 〃The former noblesse and even
citizens who are at all well…off need not depend on any
amelioration。。。。 They must expect a complete rescission of bodies and
goods。。。。 Pecuniary resources are diminishing more and more。。。。
Impositions are starving the country。〃 … Mallet…Dupan； 〃Mercure
Britannique；〃 January 25； 1799。 〃Thousands of invalids with wooden
legs garrison the houses of the tax…payers who do not pay according to
the humor of the collectors。 The proportion of impositions as now
laid in relation to those of the ancient regime in the towns generally
is as 88 to 32。〃
＇105＇ De Tocqueville； 〃？uvres complètes；〃 V。； 65。 （Extracts from
secret reports on the state of the Republic； September 26； 1799。）
＇106＇ Decree of Messidor 24； year VI。
＇107＇ De Barante； 〃Histoire du Directoire；〃 III。； 456。
＇108＇ A。 Sorel； 〃 Revue Historique；〃 No。1； for March and May； 1882。
〃Les Frontières Constitutionelles en 1795。〃 The treaties concluded in
1795 with Tuscany； Prussia and Spain show that peace was easy and that
the recognition of the Republic was effected even before the
Republican government was organized。 。 。 。 。 that France； whether
monarchical or republican； had a certain limit which French power was
not to overstep； because this was not in proportion to the real
strength of France； nor with the distribution of force among the other
European governments。 On this capital point the convention erred； it
erred knowingly； through a long…meditated calculation； which
calculation； however； was false。 and France paid dearly for its
consequences。〃 … Mallet…Dupan； II。； 288； Aug。 23； 1795。 〃The
monarchists and many of the deputies in the Convention sacrificed all
the conquests to hasten on and obtain peace。 But the fanatical
Girondists and Siéyès' committee persisted in the tension system。
They were governed by three motives： 1； the design of extending their
doctrine along with their territory； 2； the desire of successively
federalizing the States of Europe with the French Republic； and 3；
that of prolonging a partial war which also prolongs extraordinary
powers and revolutionary resources。〃 Carnot； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。； 476。
（Report to the Committee of Public Safety； Messidor 28； year II。） 〃It
seems much wiser to restrict our plans of aggrandizement to what is
purely necessary in order to obtain the maximum security of our
country。〃 … Ibid。； II。； 132； 134 and 136。 （Letters to Bonaparte； Oct。
28； 1796； and Jan。 1； 1797。） 〃It would be imprudent to fan the
revolutionary flame in Italy too strongly 。 。 。 。 They desired to
have you work out the Revolution in Piedmont； Milan； Rome and Naples；
I thought it better to treat with these countries； draw subsidies from
them； and make use of their own organization to keep them under
control。〃
＇109＇ Carnot； ibid。； II。 147。 〃Barras； addressing me like a madman；
said； 'Yes； it is to you we owe that infamous treaty of Leoben！'〃
＇110＇ Andre Lebon； 〃L'Angleterre et l'Emigration Fran？aise；〃 p。235。
（Letter of Wickam； June 27； 1797； words of Barthélemy to M。
d'Aubigny。）
＇111＇ Lord Malmesbury； 〃Diary；〃 III。； 541。 （September 9； 1797。） 〃The
violent revolution which has taken place at Paris has upset all our
hopes and defeated all our reasoning。 I consider it the most unlucky
event that could have happened。〃 Ibid。； （Letter from Canning；
September 29； 1797。） 〃 We were in a hair's breadth of it （peace）。
Nothing but that cursed revolution at Paris and the sanguinary；
insolent； implacable and ignorant arrogance of the triumvirate could
have prevented us。 Had the moderate party triumphed all would have
been well； not for us only but for France； for Europe and for all the
world。〃
＇112＇ Carnot； II。； 152。 〃Do you suppose； replied Reubell； that I want
the Cape and Trinquemale restored for Holland？ The first point is to
take them； and to do that Holland must furnish the money and the
vessels。 After that I will make them see that these colonies belong
to us。〃
＇113＇ Lord Malmesbury； 〃 Diary；〃 III。； 526。 （Letter from Paris；
Fructidor 17； year V。） … ibid。； 483。 （Conversation of Mr。 Ellis with
Mr。 Pain。）
＇114＇ Ibid。 III。； 519； 544。 （The words of Maret and Colchen。） … 〃
Reubell；〃 says Carnot； 〃seems to be perfectly convinced that probity
and civism are two absolutely incompatible things。〃
＇115＇ Mallet…Dupan； II。； 49。 Words of Siéyès； March 27； 1797。 Ibid；
I。； 258； 407； II。； 4； 49； 350； 361； 386。 This is so true that this
prevision actuates the concessions of the English ambassador。 （Lord
Malmesbury； 〃Diary；〃 III。； 519。 Letter to Canning。 August 29； 1797。）
〃I am the more anxious for peace because； in addition to all the
commonplace reasons； I am convinced that peace will paralyze this
country most completely； that all the violent means they have employed
for war will return upon them like an humour driven in and overset
entirely their weak and baseless constitution。 This consequence of
peace is so much more to be pressed； as the very best conditions we
could offer in the treaty。〃
＇116＇ Mathieu Dumas； III。； 256。 … Miot de Melito； I。； 163； 191。
（Conversations with Bonaparte June and September； 1797。）
＇117＇ Mallet…Dupan； 〃Mercure Britannique；〃 No。 for November 10； 1798。
How support gigantic and exacting crimes on its own soil？ How can it
flatter itself that it will extract from an impoverished people；
without manufactures； trade or credit； nearly a billion of direct and
indirect subsidies？ How renew that immense fund of confiscations on
which the French republic has lived for the past eight years？ By
conquering every year a new nation and devastating its treasuries； its
character； its monts…de…piété； its owners of property。 The Republic；
for ten years past； would have laid down its arms had it been reduced
to its own capital。
＇118＇ Mallet…Dupan； 〃 Mercure Britannique；〃 Nos。 for November 25； and
December 25； 1798； and passim。
＇119＇ Ibid。； No。 for January 25； 1799。 〃The French Republic is
eating Europe leaf by leaf like the head of an artichoke。〃 It
revolutionizes nations that it may despoil them； and it despoils them
that it may subsist。〃
＇120＇ Letter of Mallet…Dupan to a deputy on a declaration of war
against Venice and on the Revolution effected at Genoa。 （The
〃Quotidienne；〃 Nos。 410； 413； 414； 421。） … Ibid。； 〃Essai Historique
sur la destruction de le Signe et de le Liberté Historique。〃 （Nos。 I；
2； and 3 of the 〃 Mercure Britannique。〃） … Carnot； II。； 153。 （Words
of Carnot in relation to the Swiss proceedings of the Directory。） 〃It
is the fable of the Wolf and the Lamb。〃
＇121＇ Overhauling of the Constitution or the purging of the
authorities in Holland by Delacroix； January 22； 1798； in Cisalpine by
Berthier； February； 1798； by Trouve； August； 1798； by Brune；
September； 1798； in Switzerland by Rapinat； June； 1798； etc。
＇122＇ Mallet…Dupan； （〃Mercure Britannique。〃 numbers for November 26。
December 25； 1798； March 10 and July 10； 1799）。 Details and documents
relating to popular insurrections in Belgium； Switzerland； Suabia；
Modena； the Roman States。 Piedmont an