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the origins of contemporary france-3-第87章

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'10' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 Letter of the administrators of Var; May。

27。 The saying is the summary of the revolutionary spirit; it recurs

constantly。   Cf。 the Duc de Montpensier; 〃Mémoires;〃 p。 11。 At Aix

one of his guards said to the sans…culotte who were breaking into the

room where he had been placed: 〃Citizens; by what order do you enter

here? and why have you forced the guard at the door?〃 One of them。

answered: 〃By order of the people。 Don't you know that the people is

sovereign?〃



'11' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 letter of the public prosecutor; May 23。 …

Letters of the administrators of the department; May 22; and 27 (on

the events of the 13th of May at Beausset)。



'12' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7  3193 and 3194。 Previous details may be

found in these files。 This department is one of those in which the

seventh jacquerie is merely a prolongation of the sixth。 …Cf。 F7;

3193。 Letter of the royal Commissioner at Milhau; May 5; 1791。



〃The situation is getting worse; the administrative bodies continue

powerless and without resources。 Most of their members are still

unable to enter upon their duties; while the factions; who still rule;

multiply their excesses in every direction。 Another house in the

country; near the town; has been burnt; another broken into; with a

destruction of the furniture and a part of the dinner…service; and

doors and windows broken open and smashed; several houses visited;

under the pretense of arms or powder being concealed in them; all that

is found with private persons and dealers not of the factious party is

carried off; tumultuous shouts; nocturnal assemblages; plots for

pillage or burning; disturbances caused by the sale of grain; searches

under this pretext in private granaries; forced prices at current

reductions; forty  louis taken from a lady retired into the country;

found in her trunk; which was broken into; and which; they say; should

have been in assignats。 The police and municipal officers witnesses of

these outrages; are sometimes forced to sanction them with their

presence; they neither dare suppress them nor punish the well…known

authors of them。 Such is a brief statement of the disorders committed

in less than eight days。〃 … In relation specially to Saint…Afrique。

Cf。 F7; 3194; the letter; among others; of the department

administrator; march 29; 1792。



'13' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7;  3193。  Extract from the registers of

the clerk of the juge…de…paix  of Saint…Afrique; and report by the

department commissioners; Nov。  10; 1792; with the testimony of the

witnesses; forming a document of 115 pages。



'14' Deposition of Alexis Bro; a volunteer; and three others。



'15' Deposition of Pons; a merchant。 After this devastation he is

obliged to address a petition to the executive power; asking

permission to remain in the town。



'16' Deposition of Capdenet; a shoemaker。



'17' Depositions of Marguerite Galzeng; wife of Guibal a miller;

Pierre Canac and others。



'18' Depositions of Martin; syndic…attorney of the commune of Brusque;

Aussel; curé of Versol; Martial Aussel; vicar of Lapeyre and others。



'19' Deposition of Anne Tourtoulon。



'20' Depositions of Jeanne Tuffon; of Marianne Terral; of Marguerite

Thomas; of Martin syndic…attorney of the commune of Brusque; of Virot;

of Brassier; and othes。  The details are too specific to allow

quotation。



'21' Depositions ;of Moursol; wool…carder; Louis Grand; district…

administrator; and others。



'22' For example; at Limoges; Aug。 16。 … Cf。 Louis Guibert; 〃le Parti

Girondin dans la Haute…Vienne;〃 p。 14。



'23'  Paris; 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon;〃 I。 60。 Restoration of the

Arras municipality。 Joseph Lebon is proclaimed mayor Sept。 16。



'24' For example; at Caen and at Carcassonne。



'25' For example; at Toulon。



'26' 〃Un séjour en France;〃 19; 29。 (〃Letters of a Wittness to the

French Revolution;〃 translated by H。 Taine。1872)



'27'  Ibid。;  p。 38: 2M。 de M …; who had served for thirty years

gave up his arms to a boy who treated him with the greatest

insolence。〃



'28'  Paris; Ibid。;  p。 55 and the following pages。 … Albert Babeau;

〃Histoire de Troyes;〃 I。 503…515。 … Sausay; III。 ch。 I。



'29' 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 381; 391; 392。



'30'  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3217。 Letter of Castanet; an old

gendarme; Aug。 21 1792。



'31' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3219。 Letter of M。 Alquier to the

first consul; Pluvi?se 18; year VIII。



'32'  Lauvergne; 〃Histoire du Var;〃 p。 104。



'33'  Mortimer…Ternaux; III。 325; 327。



'34'  〃Archives…Nationales;〃 F7; 3271。 Letter of the Minister of

Justice; with official reports of the municipality of Rabastens。 〃The

juge…de…paix  of Rabastens was insulted in his place by putting an end

to the proceedings commenced against an old deserter at the head of

the municipality; and tried for robbery。 They threatened to stab the

judge if he recommenced the trial。 Numerous gangs of vagabonds overrun

the country; pillaging and putting to ransom all owners of property。 。

。 The people has been led off by a municipal officer; a constitutional

curé; and a brother of sieur Tournal; one of the authors of the evils

which have desolated the Comtat。〃 (March 5; 1792)。



'35' Guillon de Montléon; I。 84; 109; 139; 155; 158; 464。  Ibid。;

p。441; details concerning Chalier by his companion Chassagnon。 

〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3255。  Letter by Laussel; Sept。 22; 1792。



'36' Barbaroux; 〃Mémoires;〃 85。 Barbaroux is an eye…witness; for he

has just returned to Marseilles and is about to preside over the

electoral assembly of the Bouches…du…Rh?ne。



'37' C。 Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires;〃 p。 67。  In his report of June

27; 1792; Albert Dubayet estimates the number of volunteers at 84;000。



'38' C。 Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires;〃 101。 Letter of Kellermann; Aug。23;

1792。  〃 Un séjour en France;〃 I。 347 and following pages。 

〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3214。 Letter of an inhabitant of Nogent…le…

Rotrou (Eure)。 〃Out of 8;000 inhabitants one…half require assistance;

and two…thirds of these are in a sad state; having scarcely straw

enough to sleep on。(Dec。 3; 1792)。  In his report of June 27; 1792;

Albert Dubayet estimates the number of volunteers at 84;000。



'39' C。 Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires;〃 106 (Letter of General Biron; Aug。

23; 1792)。…  226; Letter of Vezu; major; July 24; 1793。



'40' C。 Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires;〃 144 (Letter of a district

administrator of Moulins to General Custines; Jan。 27; 1793)。 〃Un

séjour en France;〃 p。27: 〃I am sorry to see that most the volunteers

about to join the army are old men or very young boys。〃  C。 Rousset;

Ibid。; 74; 108; 226 (Letter of Biron; Nov。 7; 1792); 105 (Letter of

the commander of Fort Louis; Aug。 7); 127 (Letter of Captain Motmé)。

One…third of the 2d battalion of Haute…Sa?ne is composed of children

13 and 14 years old。



'41' Moniteur; XIII。 742 (Sept。 21)。 Marshal Lückner and his aids…de…

camp just miss being killed by Parisian volunteers。  Archives

Nationales;〃 BB; 16703。 Letter by Labarrière aide…de…camp of General

Flers; Antwerp; March 19; 1793。  On the desertion en masse of

gendarmes from Dumouriez's army; who return to Paris。



'42' Cf。 〃L'armée et la garde nationale;〃 by Baron Poisson; III。 475。

〃On hostilities being declared (April; 1792); the contingent of

volunteers was fixed at 200;000 men。 This second attempt resulted in

nothing but confused and disorderly levies。 Owing to the spinelessness

of the volunteer troops it was impossible to continue the war in

Belgium; which allowed the enemy to cross the frontier。〃  Gouverneur

Morris; so well informed; had already written; under date of Dec。27;

1791: 〃The national guards; who have turned out as volunteers; are in

many instances that corrupted scum of overgrown population of which

large cities purge themselves; and which; without constitutions to

support the fatigues。。 。 of war; have every vice and every disease

which can render them the scourge of their friends and the laughing

stock of their foes。〃  Buchez et Roux; XXVI。 177。 Plan of the

administrators of Hérault; presented to the Convention April 27; 1793。

〃The composition of the enlistment should not be concealed。 Most of

those of which it is made up are not volunteers; they are not citizens

all classes of society; who; submitting to draft on the ballot; have

willingly made up their minds to go and defend the Republic。  The

larger part of the recruits are substitutes who; through the

attraction of a large sum; have concluded to leave their homes。〃



'43' C。 Rousset; 47。 Letter of the directory of Somme; Feb。 26; 1792。



'44' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F 7; 3270。 Deliberations of the council…

general of the commune of Roye; Oct。 8; 1792 (in relation to the

violence committed by two divisions of Parisian gendarmerie during

their passage; Oct。 7 and 8)。



'45' Moore; I。 338 (Sept。 8; 1792)。  … (The Condés were
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