ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
¾ÅÉ«Êé¼® ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

the golden bough-µÚ225ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



on¡¡without¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡iron£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡when¡¡gathered¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡touch¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡oak¡­mistletoe¡¡thus¡¡obtained¡¡was¡¡deemed¡¡a¡¡cure¡¡for¡¡epilepsy£»¡¡carried¡¡about¡¡by¡¡women¡¡it¡¡assisted¡¡them¡¡to¡¡conceive£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡healed¡¡ulcers¡¡most¡¡effectually£»¡¡if¡¡only¡¡the¡¡sufferer¡¡chewed¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡the¡¡plant¡¡and¡¡laid¡¡another¡¡piece¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sore¡£¡¡Yet£»¡¡again£»¡¡he¡¡says¡¡that¡¡mistletoe¡¡was¡¡supposed£»¡¡like¡¡vinegar¡¡and¡¡an¡¡egg£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡an¡¡excellent¡¡means¡¡of¡¡extinguishing¡¡a¡¡fire¡£

If¡¡in¡¡these¡¡latter¡¡passages¡¡Pliny¡¡refers£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡apparently¡¡does£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡beliefs¡¡current¡¡among¡¡his¡¡contemporaries¡¡in¡¡Italy£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡follow¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Italians¡¡were¡¡to¡¡some¡¡extent¡¡agreed¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡valuable¡¡properties¡¡possessed¡¡by¡¡mistletoe¡¡which¡¡grows¡¡on¡¡an¡¡oak£»¡¡both¡¡of¡¡them¡¡deemed¡¡it¡¡an¡¡effectual¡¡remedy¡¡for¡¡a¡¡number¡¡of¡¡ailments£»¡¡and¡¡both¡¡of¡¡them¡¡ascribed¡¡to¡¡it¡¡a¡¡quickening¡¡virtue£»¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡believing¡¡that¡¡a¡¡potion¡¡prepared¡¡from¡¡mistletoe¡¡would¡¡fertilise¡¡barren¡¡cattle£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Italians¡¡holding¡¡that¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡carried¡¡about¡¡by¡¡a¡¡woman¡¡would¡¡help¡¡her¡¡to¡¡conceive¡¡a¡¡child¡£¡¡Further£»¡¡both¡¡peoples¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡if¡¡the¡¡plant¡¡were¡¡to¡¡exert¡¡its¡¡medicinal¡¡properties¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡gathered¡¡in¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡way¡¡and¡¡at¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡time¡£¡¡It¡¡might¡¡not¡¡be¡¡cut¡¡with¡¡iron£»¡¡hence¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡cut¡¡it¡¡with¡¡gold£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡might¡¡not¡¡touch¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡hence¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡caught¡¡it¡¡in¡¡a¡¡white¡¡cloth¡£¡¡In¡¡choosing¡¡the¡¡time¡¡for¡¡gathering¡¡the¡¡plant£»¡¡both¡¡peoples¡¡were¡¡determined¡¡by¡¡observation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moon£»¡¡only¡¡they¡¡differed¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡particular¡¡day¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moon£»¡¡the¡¡Italians¡¡preferring¡¡the¡¡first£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡the¡¡sixth¡£

With¡¡these¡¡beliefs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡Gauls¡¡and¡¡Italians¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡wonderful¡¡medicinal¡¡properties¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡we¡¡may¡¡compare¡¡the¡¡similar¡¡beliefs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡Aino¡¡of¡¡Japan¡£¡¡We¡¡read¡¡that¡¡they£»¡¡like¡¡many¡¡nations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡origin£»¡¡hold¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡in¡¡peculiar¡¡veneration¡£¡¡They¡¡look¡¡upon¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡medicine£»¡¡good¡¡in¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡disease£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡sometimes¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡food¡¡and¡¡at¡¡others¡¡separately¡¡as¡¡a¡¡decoction¡£¡¡The¡¡leaves¡¡are¡¡used¡¡in¡¡preference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡berries£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡being¡¡of¡¡too¡¡sticky¡¡a¡¡nature¡¡for¡¡general¡¡purposes¡¡¡£¡¡But¡¡many£»¡¡too£»¡¡suppose¡¡this¡¡plant¡¡to¡¡have¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡making¡¡the¡¡gardens¡¡bear¡¡plentifully¡£¡¡When¡¡used¡¡for¡¡this¡¡purpose£»¡¡the¡¡leaves¡¡are¡¡cut¡¡up¡¡into¡¡fine¡¡pieces£»¡¡and£»¡¡after¡¡having¡¡been¡¡prayed¡¡over£»¡¡are¡¡sown¡¡with¡¡the¡¡millet¡¡and¡¡other¡¡seeds£»¡¡a¡¡little¡¡also¡¡being¡¡eaten¡¡with¡¡the¡¡food¡£¡¡Barren¡¡women¡¡have¡¡also¡¡been¡¡known¡¡to¡¡eat¡¡the¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡be¡¡made¡¡to¡¡bear¡¡children¡£¡¡That¡¡mistletoe¡¡which¡¡grows¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡willow¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡efficacy¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡because¡¡the¡¡willow¡¡is¡¡looked¡¡upon¡¡by¡¡them¡¡as¡¡being¡¡an¡¡especially¡¡sacred¡¡tree¡£

Thus¡¡the¡¡Aino¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡in¡¡regarding¡¡mistletoe¡¡as¡¡a¡¡cure¡¡for¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡disease£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡Italians¡¡that¡¡applied¡¡to¡¡women¡¡it¡¡helps¡¡them¡¡to¡¡bear¡¡children¡£¡¡Again£»¡¡the¡¡Druidical¡¡notion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡was¡¡an¡¡all¡­healer¡¡or¡¡panacea¡¡may¡¡be¡¡compared¡¡with¡¡a¡¡notion¡¡entertained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Walos¡¡of¡¡Senegambia¡£¡¡These¡¡people¡¡have¡¡much¡¡veneration¡¡for¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡call¡¡tob£»¡¡they¡¡carry¡¡leaves¡¡of¡¡it¡¡on¡¡their¡¡persons¡¡when¡¡they¡¡go¡¡to¡¡war¡¡as¡¡a¡¡preservative¡¡against¡¡wounds£»¡¡just¡¡as¡¡if¡¡the¡¡leaves¡¡were¡¡real¡¡talismans¡¡£¨gris¡­gris£©¡£¡¡The¡¡French¡¡writer¡¡who¡¡records¡¡this¡¡practice¡¡adds£º¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡not¡¡very¡¡curious¡¡that¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡should¡¡be¡¡in¡¡this¡¡part¡¡of¡¡Africa¡¡what¡¡it¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡superstitions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Gauls£¿¡¡This¡¡prejudice£»¡¡common¡¡to¡¡the¡¡two¡¡countries£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡the¡¡same¡¡origin£»¡¡blacks¡¡and¡¡whites¡¡will¡¡doubtless¡¡have¡¡seen£»¡¡each¡¡of¡¡them¡¡for¡¡themselves£»¡¡something¡¡supernatural¡¡in¡¡a¡¡plant¡¡which¡¡grows¡¡and¡¡flourishes¡¡without¡¡having¡¡roots¡¡in¡¡the¡¡earth¡£¡¡May¡¡they¡¡not¡¡have¡¡believed£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡plant¡¡fallen¡¡from¡¡the¡¡sky£»¡¡a¡¡gift¡¡of¡¡the¡¡divinity£¿

This¡¡suggestion¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡superstition¡¡is¡¡strongly¡¡confirmed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Druidical¡¡belief£»¡¡reported¡¡by¡¡Pliny£»¡¡that¡¡whatever¡¡grew¡¡on¡¡an¡¡oak¡¡was¡¡sent¡¡from¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡was¡¡a¡¡sign¡¡that¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡had¡¡been¡¡chosen¡¡by¡¡the¡¡god¡¡himself¡£¡¡Such¡¡a¡¡belief¡¡explains¡¡why¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡cut¡¡the¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡not¡¡with¡¡a¡¡common¡¡knife£»¡¡but¡¡with¡¡a¡¡golden¡¡sickle£»¡¡and¡¡why£»¡¡when¡¡cut£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡suffered¡¡to¡¡touch¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡probably¡¡they¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡the¡¡celestial¡¡plant¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡profaned¡¡and¡¡its¡¡marvellous¡¡virtue¡¡lost¡¡by¡¡contact¡¡with¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡With¡¡the¡¡ritual¡¡observed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡in¡¡cutting¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡we¡¡may¡¡compare¡¡the¡¡ritual¡¡which¡¡in¡¡Cambodia¡¡is¡¡prescribed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡case¡£¡¡They¡¡say¡¡that¡¡when¡¡you¡¡see¡¡an¡¡orchid¡¡growing¡¡as¡¡a¡¡parasite¡¡on¡¡a¡¡tamarind¡¡tree£»¡¡you¡¡should¡¡dress¡¡in¡¡white£»¡¡take¡¡a¡¡new¡¡earthenware¡¡pot£»¡¡then¡¡climb¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡at¡¡noon£»¡¡break¡¡off¡¡the¡¡plant£»¡¡put¡¡it¡¡in¡¡the¡¡pot¡¡and¡¡let¡¡the¡¡pot¡¡fall¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ground¡£¡¡After¡¡that¡¡you¡¡make¡¡in¡¡the¡¡pot¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡which¡¡confers¡¡the¡¡gift¡¡of¡¡invulnerability¡£¡¡Thus¡¡just¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Africa¡¡the¡¡leaves¡¡of¡¡one¡¡parasitic¡¡plant¡¡are¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡render¡¡the¡¡wearer¡¡invulnerable£»¡¡so¡¡in¡¡Cambodia¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡made¡¡from¡¡another¡¡parasitic¡¡plant¡¡is¡¡considered¡¡to¡¡render¡¡the¡¡same¡¡service¡¡to¡¡such¡¡as¡¡make¡¡use¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡whether¡¡by¡¡drinking¡¡or¡¡washing¡£¡¡We¡¡may¡¡conjecture¡¡that¡¡in¡¡both¡¡places¡¡the¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡invulnerability¡¡is¡¡suggested¡¡by¡¡the¡¡position¡¡of¡¡the¡¡plant£»¡¡which£»¡¡occupying¡¡a¡¡place¡¡of¡¡comparative¡¡security¡¡above¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡promise¡¡to¡¡its¡¡fortunate¡¡possessor¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡security¡¡from¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ills¡¡that¡¡beset¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡man¡¡on¡¡earth¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡already¡¡met¡¡with¡¡examples¡¡of¡¡the¡¡store¡¡which¡¡the¡¡primitive¡¡mind¡¡sets¡¡on¡¡such¡¡vantage¡¡grounds¡£

Whatever¡¡may¡¡be¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡these¡¡beliefs¡¡and¡¡practices¡¡concerning¡¡the¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡certain¡¡it¡¡is¡¡that¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them¡¡have¡¡their¡¡analogies¡¡in¡¡the¡¡folk¡­lore¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡European¡¡peasants¡£¡¡For¡¡example£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡laid¡¡down¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule¡¡in¡¡various¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡Europe¡¡that¡¡mistletoe¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡cut¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ordinary¡¡way¡¡but¡¡must¡¡be¡¡shot¡¡or¡¡knocked¡¡down¡¡with¡¡stones¡¡from¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡on¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡growing¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Swiss¡¡canton¡¡of¡¡Aargau¡¡all¡¡parasitic¡¡plants¡¡are¡¡esteemed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡sense¡¡holy¡¡by¡¡the¡¡country¡¡folk£»¡¡but¡¡most¡¡particularly¡¡so¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡growing¡¡on¡¡an¡¡oak¡£¡¡They¡¡ascribe¡¡great¡¡powers¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡shrink¡¡from¡¡cutting¡¡it¡¡off¡¡in¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡manner¡£¡¡Instead¡¡of¡¡that¡¡they¡¡procure¡¡it¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡manner¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡sun¡¡is¡¡in¡¡Sagittarius¡¡and¡¡the¡¡moon¡¡is¡¡on¡¡the¡¡wane£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡first£»¡¡third£»¡¡or¡¡fourth¡¡day¡¡before¡¡the¡¡new¡¡moon£»¡¡one¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡shoot¡¡down¡¡with¡¡an¡¡arrow¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡of¡¡an¡¡oak¡¡and¡¡to¡¡catch¡¡it¡¡with¡¡the¡¡left¡¡hand¡¡as¡¡it¡¡falls¡£¡¡Such¡¡mistletoe¡¡is¡¡a¡¡remedy¡¡for¡¡every¡¡ailment¡¡of¡¡children¡£¡¡Here¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Swiss¡¡peasants£»¡¡as¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡special¡¡virtue¡¡is¡¡ascribed¡¡to¡¡mistletoe¡¡which¡¡grows¡¡on¡¡an¡¡oak£º¡¡it¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡cut¡¡in¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡way£º¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡caught¡¡as¡¡it¡¡falls¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡esteemed¡¡a¡¡panacea¡¡for¡¡all¡¡diseases£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡of¡¡children¡£¡¡In¡¡Sweden£»¡¡also£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡popular¡¡superstition¡¡that¡¡if¡¡mistletoe¡¡is¡¡to¡¡possess¡¡its¡¡peculiar¡¡virtue£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡either¡¡be¡¡shot¡¡down¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡oak¡¡or¡¡knocked¡¡down¡¡with¡¡stones¡£¡¡Similarly£»¡¡so¡¡late¡¡as¡¡the¡¡early¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nineteenth¡¡century£»¡¡people¡¡in¡¡Wales¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡for¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡to¡¡have¡¡any¡¡power£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡shot¡¡or¡¡struck¡¡down¡¡with¡¡stones¡¡off¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡where¡¡it¡¡grew¡£

Again£»¡¡in¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡healing¡¡virtues¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡peasants£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡of¡¡the¡¡learned£»¡¡has¡¡to¡¡some¡¡extent¡¡agreed¡¡with¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ancients¡£¡¡The¡¡Druids¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡have¡¡called¡¡the¡¡plant£»¡¡or¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡oak¡¡on¡¡which¡¡it¡¡grew£»¡¡the¡¡all¡­healer£»¡¡and¡¡all¡­healer¡¡is¡¡said¡¡to¡¡be¡¡still¡¡a¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡Celtic¡¡speech¡¡of¡¡Brittany£»¡¡Wales£»¡¡Ireland£»¡¡and¡¡Scotland¡£¡¡On¡¡St¡£¡¡John's¡¡morning¡¡£¨Midsummer¡¡morning£©¡¡peasants¡¡of¡¡Piedmont¡¡and¡¡Lombardy¡¡go¡¡out¡¡to¡¡search¡¡the¡¡oak¡­leaves¡¡for¡¡the¡¡oil¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡John£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡heal¡¡all¡¡wounds¡¡made¡¡with¡¡cutting¡¡instruments¡£¡¡Originally£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡the¡¡oil¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡John¡¡was¡¡simply¡¡the¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡made¡¡from¡¡it¡£¡¡For¡¡in¡¡Holstein¡¡the¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡especially¡¡oak¡­mistletoe£»¡¡is¡¡still¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡a¡¡panacea¡¡for¡¡green¡¡wounds¡¡and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sure¡¡charm¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡success¡¡in¡¡hunting£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Lacaune£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡south¡¡of¡¡France£»¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Druidical¡¡belief¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mistletoe¡¡as¡¡an¡¡antidote¡¡to¡¡all¡¡poisons¡¡still¡¡survives¡¡among¡¡the¡¡peasantry£»¡¡they¡¡apply¡¡the¡¡plant¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stomach¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sufferer¡¡or¡¡give¡¡him¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡of¡¡it¡¡to¡¡drink¡£¡¡Again£»¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡mistletoe¡¡is¡¡a¡¡cure¡¡for¡¡epilepsy¡¡has¡¡survived¡¡in¡¡modern¡¡times¡¡not¡¡only¡¡among¡¡the¡¡ignorant¡¡but¡¡among¡¡the¡¡learned¡£¡¡Thus¡¡in¡¡Sweden¡¡persons¡¡afflicted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡falling¡¡sickness¡¡think¡¡they¡¡can¡¡ward¡¡off¡¡attacks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡malady¡¡by¡¡carrying¡¡about¡¡with¡¡them¡¡a¡¡knife¡¡which¡¡has¡¡a¡¡handle¡¡of¡¡oak¡¡mistletoe£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡Germany¡¡for¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡purpose¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡used¡¡to¡¡be¡¡hung¡¡round¡¡the¡¡necks¡¡of¡¡children¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡French¡¡province¡¡of¡¡Bourbonnais¡¡a¡¡popular¡¡remedy¡¡for¡¡epilepsy¡¡is¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡gathered¡¡on¡¡an¡¡oak¡¡on¡¡St¡£¡¡John's¡¡Day¡¡and¡¡boiled¡¡with¡¡rye¡­flour¡£¡¡So¡¡at¡¡Bottesford¡¡in¡¡Lincolnshire¡¡a¡¡decoction¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡palliative¡¡for¡¡this¡¡terrible¡¡disease¡£¡¡Indeed¡¡mistletoe¡¡was¡¡recommended¡¡as¡¡a¡¡remedy¡¡for¡¡the¡¡falling¡¡sickness¡¡by¡¡high¡¡medical¡¡authorities¡¡in¡¡England¡¡and¡¡Holland¡¡down¡¡to¡¡the¡¡eighteenth¡¡century¡£

However£»¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡medical¡¡profession¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡curative¡¡virtues¡¡of¡¡mistletoe¡¡has¡¡undergone¡¡a¡¡radical¡¡alteration¡£¡¡Whereas¡¡the¡¡Druids¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡mistletoe¡¡cured¡¡everything£»¡¡modern¡¡doctors¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡think¡¡that¡¡it¡¡cures¡¡nothing¡£¡¡If¡¡they¡¡are¡¡right£»¡¡we¡¡must¡¡conclude¡¡that¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡and¡¡widespread¡¡faith¡¡in¡¡the¡¡medicinal¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡mi
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡