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alcibiades i-第13章

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SOCRATES:  Then such a man can never be a statesman?



ALCIBIADES:  He cannot。



SOCRATES:  Nor an economist?



ALCIBIADES:  He cannot。



SOCRATES:  He will not know what he is doing?



ALCIBIADES:  He will not。



SOCRATES:  And will not he who is ignorant fall into error?



ALCIBIADES:  Assuredly。



SOCRATES:  And if he falls into error will he not fail both in his public

and private capacity?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes; indeed。



SOCRATES:  And failing; will he not be miserable?



ALCIBIADES:  Very。



SOCRATES:  And what will become of those for whom he is acting?



ALCIBIADES:  They will be miserable also。



SOCRATES:  Then he who is not wise and good cannot be happy?



ALCIBIADES:  He cannot。



SOCRATES:  The bad; then; are miserable?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes; very。



SOCRATES:  And if so; not he who has riches; but he who has wisdom; is

delivered from his misery?



ALCIBIADES:  Clearly。



SOCRATES:  Cities; then; if they are to be happy; do not want walls; or

triremes; or docks; or numbers; or size; Alcibiades; without virtue? 

(Compare Arist。 Pol。)



ALCIBIADES:  Indeed they do not。



SOCRATES:  And you must give the citizens virtue; if you mean to administer

their affairs rightly or nobly?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  But can a man give that which he has not?



ALCIBIADES:  Impossible。



SOCRATES:  Then you or any one who means to govern and superintend; not

only himself and the things of himself; but the state and the things of the

state; must in the first place acquire virtue。



ALCIBIADES:  That is true。



SOCRATES:  You have not therefore to obtain power or authority; in order to

enable you to do what you wish for yourself and the state; but justice and

wisdom。



ALCIBIADES:  Clearly。



SOCRATES:  You and the state; if you act wisely and justly; will act

according to the will of God?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  As I was saying before; you will look only at what is bright and

divine; and act with a view to them?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  In that mirror you will see and know yourselves and your own

good?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And so you will act rightly and well?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  In which case; I will be security for your happiness。



ALCIBIADES:  I accept the security。



SOCRATES:  But if you act unrighteously; your eye will turn to the dark and

godless; and being in darkness and ignorance of yourselves; you will

probably do deeds of darkness。



ALCIBIADES:  Very possibly。



SOCRATES:  For if a man; my dear Alcibiades; has the power to do what he

likes; but has no understanding; what is likely to be the result; either to

him as an individual or to the statefor example; if he be sick and is

able to do what he likes; not having the mind of a physicianhaving

moreover tyrannical power; and no one daring to reprove him; what will

happen to him?  Will he not be likely to have his constitution ruined?



ALCIBIADES:  That is true。



SOCRATES:  Or again; in a ship; if a man having the power to do what he

likes; has no intelligence or skill in navigation; do you see what will

happen to him and to his fellow…sailors?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes; I see that they will all perish。



SOCRATES:  And in like manner; in a state; and where there is any power and

authority which is wanting in virtue; will not misfortune; in like manner;

ensue?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  Not tyrannical power; then; my good Alcibiades; should be the

aim either of individuals or states; if they would be happy; but virtue。



ALCIBIADES:  That is true。



SOCRATES:  And before they have virtue; to be commanded by a superior is

better for men as well as for children?  (Compare Arist。 Pol。)



ALCIBIADES:  That is evident。



SOCRATES:  And that which is better is also nobler?



ALCIBIADES:  True。



SOCRATES:  And what is nobler is more becoming?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  Then to the bad man slavery is more becoming; because better?



ALCIBIADES:  True。



SOCRATES:  Then vice is only suited to a slave?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And virtue to a freeman?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And; O my friend; is not the condition of a slave to be avoided?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly; Socrates。



SOCRATES:  And are you now conscious of your own state?  And do you know

whether you are a freeman or not?



ALCIBIADES:  I think that I am very conscious indeed of my own state。



SOCRATES:  And do you know how to escape out of a state which I do not even

like to name to my beauty?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes; I do。



SOCRATES:  How?



ALCIBIADES:  By your help; Socrates。



SOCRATES:  That is not well said; Alcibiades。



ALCIBIADES:  What ought I to have said?



SOCRATES:  By the help of God。



ALCIBIADES:  I agree; and I further say; that our relations are likely to

be reversed。  From this day forward; I must and will follow you as you have

followed me; I will be the disciple; and you shall be my master。



SOCRATES:  O that is rare!  My love breeds another love:  and so like the

stork I shall be cherished by the bird whom I have hatched。



ALCIBIADES:  Strange; but true; and henceforward I shall begin to think

about justice。



SOCRATES:  And I hope that you will persist; although I have fears; not

because I doubt you; but I see the power of the state; which may be too

much for both of us。








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