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the writings-5-第73章

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Done at the City of Washington; this fourth day of February; A。D。

1862; and of the independence of the United States the eighty…sixth。



ABRAHAM LINCOLN。



By the President:

WILLIAM H。 SEWARD;  Secretary of State。









MESSAGE TO THE SENATE。



WASHINGTON CITY; February 4。  1862



To THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES:



The third section of the 〃Act further to promote the efficiency of

the Navy;〃 approved December 21; 1862; provides:



〃That the President of the United States; by and with the advice and

consent of the Senate; shall have the authority to detail from the

retired list of the navy for the command of squadrons and single

ships such officers as he may believe that the good of the service

requires to be thus placed in command; and such officers may; if upon

the recommendation of the President of the United States they shall

receive a vote of thanks of Congress for their services and gallantry

in action against an enemy; be restored to the active list; and not

otherwise。〃



In conformity with this law; Captain Samuel F。 Du Pont; of the navy;

was nominated to the Senate for continuance as the flag…officer in

command of the squadron which recently rendered such important

service to the Union in the expedition to the coast of South

Carolina。



Believing that no occasion could arise which would more fully

correspond with the intention of the law; or be more pregnant with

happy influence as an example; I cordially recommend that Captain

Samuel F。 Du Pont receive a vote of thanks of Congress for his

services and gallantry displayed in the capture of Forts Walker and

Beauregard; commanding the entrance of Port Royal Harbor; on the 7th

of November; 1861。

ABRAHAM LINCOLN。









TO GENERALS D。 HUNTER AND J。 H。 LANE。



EXECUTIVE MANSION WASHINGTON; FEBRUARY 4; 1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL HUNTER AND BRIGADIER…GENERAL LANE;

Leavenworth; Kansas:



My wish has been and is to avail the government of the services of

both General Hunter and General Lane; and; so far as possible; to

personally oblige both。  General Hunter is the senior officer; and

must command when they serve together; though in so far as he can

consistently with the public service and his own honor oblige General

Lane; he will also oblige me。  If they cannot come to an amicable

understanding; General Lane must report to General Hunter for duty;

according to the rules; or decline the service。

A。 LINCOLN。









EXECUTIVE ORDER NO。 1; RELATING TO POLITICAL

PRISONERS。



WAR DEPARTMENT; WASHINGTON;

February 14;1862。



The breaking out of a formidable insurrection based on a conflict of

political ideas; being an event without precedent in the United

States; was necessarily attended by great confusion and perplexity of

the public mind。  Disloyalty before unsuspected suddenly became bold;

and treason astonished the world by bringing at once into the field

military forces superior in number to the standing army of the United

States。



Every department of the government was paralyzed by treason。

Defection appeared in the Senate; in the House of Representatives; in

the Cabinet; in the Federal courts; ministers and consuls returned

from foreign countries to enter the insurrectionary councils of land

or naval forces; commanding and other officers of the army and in the

navy betrayed our councils or deserted their posts for commands in

the insurgent forces。  Treason was flagrant in the revenue and in the

post…office service; as well as in the Territorial governments and in

the Indian reserves。



Not only governors; judges; legislators; and ministerial officers in

the States; but even whole States rushed one after another with

apparent unanimity into rebellion。  The capital was besieged and its

connection with all the States cut off。  Even in the portions of the

country which were most loyal; political combinations and secret

societies were formed furthering tile work of disunion; while; from

motives of disloyalty or cupidity or from excited passions or

perverted sympathies; individuals were found furnishing men; money;

and materials of war and supplies to the insurgents' military and

naval forces。  Armies; ships; fortifications; navy yards; arsenals;

military posts; and garrisons one after another were betrayed or

abandoned to the insurgents。



Congress had not anticipated; and so had not provided for; the

emergency。  The municipal authorities were powerless and inactive。

The judicial machinery seemed as if it had been designed; not to

sustain the government; but to embarrass and betray it。



Foreign intervention; openly invited and industriously instigated by

the abettors of the insurrection; became imminent; and has only been

prevented by the practice of strict and impartial justice; with the

most perfect moderation; in our intercourse with nations。



The public mind was alarmed and apprehensive; though fortunately not

distracted or disheartened。  It seemed to be doubtful whether the

Federal Government; which one year before had been thought a model

worthy of universal acceptance; had indeed the ability to defend and

maintain itself。



Some reverses; which; perhaps; were unavoidable; suffered by newly

levied and inefficient forces; discouraged the loyal and gave new

hopes to the insurgents。  Voluntary enlistments seemed about to cease

and desertions commenced。  Parties speculated upon the question

whether conscription had not become necessary to fill up the armies

of the United States。



In this emergency the President felt it his duty to employ with

energy the extraordinary powers which the Constitution confides to

him in cases of insurrection。  He called into the field such military

and naval forces; unauthorized by the existing laws; as seemed

necessary。  He directed measures to prevent the use of the post…

office for treasonable correspondence。  He subjected passengers to

and from foreign countries to new passport regulations; and he

instituted a blockade; suspended the writ of habeas corpus in various

places; and caused persons who were represented to him as being or

about to engage in disloyal and treasonable practices to be arrested

by special civil as well as military agencies and detained in

military custody when necessary to prevent them and deter others from

such practices。  Examinations of such cases were instituted; and some

of the persons so arrested have been discharged from time to time

under circumstances or upon conditions compatible; as was thought;

with the public safety。



Meantime a favorable change of public opinion has occurred。  The line

between loyalty and disloyalty is plainly defined。  The whole

structure of the government is firm and stable。  Apprehension of

public danger and facilities for treasonable practices have

diminished with the passions which prompted heedless persons to adopt

them。  The insurrection is believed to have culminated and to be

declining。



The President; in view of these facts; and anxious to favor a return

to the normal course of the administration as far as regard for the

public welfare will allow; directs that all political prisoners or

state prisoners now held in military custody be released on their

subscribing to a parole engaging them to render no aid or comfort to

the enemies in hostility to the United States。



The Secretary of War will; however; in his discretion; except from

the effect of this order any persons detained as spies in the service

of the insurgents; or others whose release at the present moment may

be deemed incompatible with the public safety。



To all persons who shall be so released; and who shall keep their

parole; the President grants an amnesty for any past offences of

treason or disloyalty which they may have comminuted。



Extraordinary arrests will hereafter be made under the direction of

the military authorities alone。



By order of the President

EDWIN M。 STANTON;   Secretary of War。









MESSAGE TO CONGRESS。

WASHINGTON CITY; February 15; 1862



TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES:

The third section of the 〃Act further to promote the efficiency of

the Navy;〃 approved December 21; 1861; provides



〃That the President of the United States; by and with the advice and

consent of the Senate; shall have the authority to detail from the

retired list of the navy for the command of squadrons and single

ships such officers as he may believe that the good of the service

requires to be thus placed in command; and such officers may; if upon

the recommendation of the President of the United States they shall

receive a vote of thanks of Congress for their services and gallantry

in action against an enemy; be restored to the active list; and not

otherwise。〃



In conformity with this law; Captain Louis M。 Goldsborough; of the

navy; was nominated to the Senat
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