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Teaching of Psychology； 16； 82–84。 Carlson developed a game that can acmodate as many as
50 players。 This article reproduces a game board on which players must move through the
stages of psychosexual development and eventually bee adults。 Play money represents
psychic energy； the goal is to retain as much psychic energy as possible for adult life tasks。
Defense mechanisms and fixation are incorporated into the game rules。
Carver； C。 S。； & Scheier； M。 F。 （1992）。 Perspectives on Personality； 2nd Ed。 Boston： Allyn & Bacon。
Presents very readable and current coverage of personality psychology by two of the better…
known researchers in the area； includes much of their own research。
Costa； P。； & McCrae； R。 （1998）。 Trait Theories of Personality。 New York： Plenum Press。 The fathers of
the Big Five personality theory make an argument for their system of personality。
Evans； R。 （1981）。 Dialogue with C。 G。 Jung。 New York： Praeger Special Studies/Praeger Scientific。 Dr。
Richard Evans conducts a one…on…one interview with Carl Jung； exploring Jung’s relationship
with Freud； and his reactions to various psychological issues and concepts。
Ewen； R。 （1998）。 An Introduction to Theories of Personality （5th Ed。）。 Mahwah： Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates。 An excellent introduction to the field of personality。 Presents the theories of eleven
major figures in personality psychology。
Eysenck； H。 （1998）。 Dimensions of Personality。 New Brunswick； Transaction Publishers。 The
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accumulation of Eysenck’s 50 years of research on personality。 Intended for students of
psychology； psychiatry and sociology。
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Freud； S。 （1961）。 The Ego and the Id。 New York： Norton。 Original work published in 1923。 Translated
by James Strachey。
Freud； S。 （1963）。 An Outline of Psychoanalysis。 New York： W。 W。 Norton。 Original work published
1940。 Translated by James Strachey。
Gay； P。 （1988）。 Freud： A Life for Our Time。 New York： W。W。 Norton。 The definitive biography on
Freud。 Provides rich details about his life； and presents his ideas in easily accessible form。
Hall； C。； & Lindzey； G。 （1978）。 Theories of Personality； （3rd Ed。）。 New York： John Wiley & Sons。 A
classic text on personality theory。
Hogan； R。 （1986）。 What Every Student Should Know About Personality。 In V。 P。 Makosky （Ed。）； The G。
Stanley Hall Lectures Vol。 6。 Washington； D。C。： American Psychological Association。 A brief；
entertaining summary of some of the most important research and theoretical issues in
personality psychology。 As with Hall’s other works； this is worth the read。
Holzman； P。 S。 （1994）。 Retrospective Feature Review： Hilgard on Psychoanalysis as Science。 Psychological
Science； 5； （4）； 190–191。 An interesting look at Hilgard’s perspective on Psychoanalysis； in
which he criticizes Freud for failing to appropriately “define the field of inquiry。”
Jung； C。 （1990）。 The Basic Writings of C。 G。 Jung。 Princeton； Princeton University Press。 Translated by
Richard Carrington。 Presents Jung’s most important writings on the nature of human
personality。
Rogers； C。 （1961）。 On Being a Person： A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy。 An older work； but
certainly worth the time。 It provides the foundation for understanding Rogers’ client…centered
therapy。
DISCOVERING PSYCHOLOGY
PROGRAM 15： THE SELF
Overview
How psychologists systematically study the origins of self…identity and self…esteem； social
determinants of self…conceptions； and the emotional and motivational consequences of beliefs
about oneself
Key Issues
The process of individualization in children； Freud’s Ego； Id； and Superego； the theory of self…
efficacy； the relationship between nonverbal munication and status； the effects of self…
presentation on the reaction of others； and the effects of reward and petition on creativity。
Demonstrations
Status differences in nonverbal behavior on munication。
New Interviews
Hazel Markus looks at the relationship between the self and culture and examines the mutual
constitution of the two。
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FILMS AND VIDEOS
First Feelings （1992）。 RMI Media Productions； 30 minutes
From the Coast Telecourse； this program addresses the question of how much of an infant’s
personality can be attributed to the relationship with caregivers and how much can be explained by
the baby’s inborn temperament。
Freud： The Hidden Nature of Man （1970）。 IU（LCA）； 29 minutes
Analyzes Freud’s revolutionary theories of the power of the unconscious； the Oedipus plex；
dream analysis； and the ego； superego； and id。 Points out the impact of his ideas on man’s attitude
toward himself； particularly Victorian man’s approach to sexuality。 Uses the technique of dramatic
reenactment of his ideas； with actors playing Freud and his patients。
Freud Under Analysis （1987）。 IC（CORT）； 58 minutes
Profiles Freud’s life and contributions to the development of psychoanalytic theory； which
established the study of the mind as a science。 Discusses his major ideas； including the function of
sexual repression in the development of the personality； the role of the unconscious； the importance
of childhood experiences to adult development； and the therapeutic techniques of psychoanalysis
in controlling neurotic behaviors。 Produced for the NOVA series。
Neurotic Behavior： A Psychodynamic View （1973）。 CRM； 19 minutes
Illustrates several varieties of neurotic behavior and classical defense mechanisms in a vignette
about the life of Peter； a college student。 A psychodynamic approach to behavior is used to analyze
Peter’s life as he experiences anxiety； then repression； rationalization； displacement； and finally
phobias and obsessive…pulsive neurosis in reaction to the psychological trauma induced by his
mother during early training。 This film illustrates the unconscious and unintentional nature of
defense mechanisms。
Personality （1971）。 （CRM）MCGH； 30 minutes
Focuses on an articulate； self…aware college senior。 It begins with his self…report； which is contrasted
with the opinions of his parents； his girlfriend； and his roommate。 Thematic Apperception Tests are
shown。 Good； as the TAT is an instrument many students will never have the opportunity to see；
other than in this venue。
Ratman （1974）。 TLF； 53 minutes
A dramatization of one of Freud’s most famous cases。 Freud’s analysis of the obsessive behavior of
this patient is reviewed。
67；000 Dreams （1972）。 TLF； 30 minutes
An interview with Carl Jung in which he talks about the development of his theory； including the
concept of the collective unconscious。
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
CASE STUDY LECTURE LAUNCHER
In 1923； personal tragedy transformed the life of an 18…year…old Texan named Howard。 This
overprotected college freshman had never made a major decision for himself。 When a heart attack
killed his father； only two years after the death of his mother； Howard suddenly inherited three…
fourths of the interest in the family’s lucrative tool pany。 His uncle and grandparents； who
owned the rest of the business； urged Howard to return to school。 Despite his reputation as a shy
and obedient boy； Howard refused。 Within four months； he bought out his relatives’ share in the
pany。 By the time Howard was 19； a judge had granted him adult status； giving him full legal
control of the million…dollar pany （Barlett & Steele； 1979）。 However； he had no interest in
running the family business。 Instead； he wanted to bee the world’s top aviator and most
famous motion picture producer。 “Then；” he told his accountant； “I want you to make me the
richest man in the world” （Dietrich & Thomas； 1972； p。 73）。
By the time he was 38； Howard Hughes was an American legend。 He founded the Hughes Aircraft
pany； manufacturer of the first spacecraft to land on the moon。 He transformed Trans World
Airlines into a 500 million empire。 He designed and built airplanes for racing； military； and
mercial uses。 As a pilot； he broke many aviation records； capping his triumphs with a 1938
round…the…world flight。 Ticker…tape parades in New York； Chicago； Los Angeles； and Houston
honored his achievement （Drosnin； 1985）。 However； long before that； when he was only 20 years
old； he had already reaped national honors producing several films； among them an Academy
Award winner。 As head of the RKO film studio； Hughes used his power to fuel the 1950s
antimunist purge in Hollywood。 Eventually； Hughes realized his ambition； he became the
world’s richest man。
Despite his incredible public success； Howard Hughes was a deeply disturbed individual。 As his
empire expanded； he became increasingly disorganized。 He began to focus so excessively on trivial
details that he acplished less and less。 He became a recluse； sometimes vanishing for months at
a time。
Hughes’s mishaps as a pilot and driver caused three deaths。 On several occasions Hughes suffered
serious head； face； and； perhaps； brain injuries； on