按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
obedience to the instructions of an authority figure。 Male and female subjects will be asked to serve as the
“teacher” in a study of the effects of punishment on learning。 A fluffy； attractive puppy in a cage with an
electrifiable grid floor will be presented as the learner attempting to learn to discriminate steady lights from
lights flickering at rates near the critical fusion frequency for dogs。 The subject’s task is to administer a series
of increasingly intense shocks to the puppy； increasing the shock level after each error。 The panel of
431
switches on the shock generator will be marked to indicate a range of 15 to 450 volts； increasing in 15…volt
steps。
In fact； the shocks the puppy experiences will be restricted to levels insufficiently intense to produce tissue
damage。 For half the subjects of each sex； a small amount of anesthetic gas will be introduced into the dog’s
cage so that the animal appears to slump into unresponsiveness because of the shocks。
Dependent measures in this study will include： （a） the maximum shock administered by the subject； （b） the
duration of shocks administered； （c） subject’s verbal and expressive behavior during the experiment。
Remarks： History is tragically rich in examples of atrocities carried out by people whose principal
motivation is responsiveness to instructions issued by an authority figure。 Thus； ordinary German citizens
participated in the torture and massacre of Jews； American aviators dropped atomic bombs on Japanese
cities； and flesh…shredding antipersonnel weapons are currently being used in Indochina by technicians
whose remote control devices prevent them from even seeing the results of their actions。
It is vital that we understand the conditions under which people will and will not carry out instructions
leading to inhumane acts so that adequate legal and social safeguards against the abuse of authority may
be instituted without delay。 The subversion of the American political process revealed through the
Watergate investigations only highlights the urgency of research in this area。
The puppy victims will experience some distress in the course of each session。 While the investigators do
not consider an animal’s suffering something to be treated casually； it is felt that this research design is
patible with the traditional requirement that animal suffering be justified by the human benefits of the
resulting knowledge。 Variations on the design will include creating a “pliance hierarchy；” with a series
of subjects passing orders down the line to the final executor。
PROPOSAL 4
Title： Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison
Department： Sociology
Proposal： The institution of prison is of special interest for social scientists because of the unique character of
the social relations and interactions that occur there。 Several years ago； research by Zimbardo and his
colleagues demonstrated that prison behavior could be scientifically studied under the control conditions of
a “simulated” laboratory environment。 They found that behavioral syndromes associated with prison life
（for example； guard brutality； prisoner disintegration） could be reliably elicited in an experimental milieu；
with little loss in the authenticity of reactions and within a relatively convenient time。
In our modest proposal； we will attempt to extend this early research in several crucial directions。
Generalization from the Zimbardo study to social behavior in real prisons is limited by the fact that it
employed normal； healthy； middle…class college students—precisely the kind of people least likely to enter a
real prison。 In our study we propose to utilize a subject population of lower class； preferably minority；
persons as prisoners； and a group of working…class white males as guard personnel。 In this way we will be
better able to draw inferences about the parameters which control the behavior in actual prison
populations。 In addition； our study will employ much larger groups of prisoners and guards than the 20
used in the original study； since it is only in this way that statistically reliable results may be obtained and
valid conclusions drawn about prison behavior。 Finally； we propose increasing the length of the study to
several months （depending on budgetary constraints） in order to investigate the more important effects of
long…term imprisonment； rather than simply short…term adjustment。 We will also study； in a second phase of
the research； whether female guards and prisoners act as the males do； and whether different types of
training of the guards yield more “positive” outes。
Because our simulated prison environment will be designed to maximize experimenter surveillance and
data collection； we are confident that all deleterious effects will be carefully monitored and recorded。
432
Administrative Panel for Human Subjects PROTOCOL _____________
in Behavioral Science Research （Leave blank）
Request for Institutional Review/Approval
Regular Review __ Expedited Review __ Date__________
Principal Investigator（s） Faculty______ Student______ （check one
If student； please indicate faculty
sponsor： ________________
Department____________________________
Phone/ext where you may be contacted____________
（Faculty Sponsor Signature）
Title of Research Proposal__________________
For Sponsored Projects （Funding by outside agency）：
Circle one：
New peting Project is under For Unsponsored Projects：
Proposal Continuation Renewal an existing grant New Renewal
Funding Agency___________________________ Proposed start date：
Grant/Contract No。_____________________________________
（Include P。I。 name if other than one given above）
Proposed Start Date_______________________
Approval certification （HHS Form 596） to be sent
to： _____________________________________
（Name & Agency if available）
For Renewal of Approval （whether sponsored or unsponsored）
（Please submit at least 30 days PRIOR to expiration date of previous approval）
Date of previous approval_______________ Protocol No。 （if known）_______________
In addition to a copy of original protocol please provide a brief progress report of the previous year’s
activity which includes：
1。 Number of subjects involved
2。 Problems or plications （if any）
3。 Description of results to date
4。 Any changes or modifications since original approval was given
5。 Project plans for the ing year （for which approval is being requested）
6。 A copy of the consent form you are using for this study
Name and address to which human subject approval memo should be sent （if other than investigator and
department indicated above）：
*Give paragraph # which qualifies protocol for expedited review （see reverse side）
433
434
INSTRUCTIONS
A short （1—3 pages） summary of the project is needed for review by the Human Subjects Panel； this should
include a description of the purpose of the study； the procedures which will involve human subjects； the
length of their involvement； and the means for ensuring confidentiality of data regarding the subjects。
Please avoid any technical terms not readily understood by individuals outside your discipline。 You do not
need to include a copy of your plete proposal； but please do include copies of any questionnaire or
structured interviews （if any）。
Some specific points to be included in the summary are the following：
Risk or Benefit to the Subject
This is a major concern of the Panel—please detail any deception； possible psychological or physical risk to
the subject； and benefit （if any）。 （Benefit does not include any pensation the subject may be given for
participation。）
Projects involving deception raise certain ethical problems often best dealt with by debriefing subjects after
their participation。 Please describe your debriefing procedures。 If you choose not to debrief； this decision
must be justified in your summary。 In addition； for your protection as well； it is advisable to have a second
consent form after the subject is debriefed； reaffirming permission to release information received from the
subject during the study。
Description of Sample Population
This should include where the study will take place； age of subjects； the number of subjects； and the length
of involvement time； and must identify precisely the type of subjects if other than normal。
Description of the Disclosure of Information and Consent
A consent form must describe the project in nontechnical language； it must clearly indicate that
participation is voluntary； that the subject is free to withdraw his/her consent and discontinue
participation at any time； and that individual privacy will be maintained in publication of any data
resulting from the study。
In addition； the consent form must include the name and telephone number of the researcher as a contact if
further information is sought by the subject； and also the following statement （although not necessarily this
wording）： “If I have any concerns or dissatisfaction with any aspect of this program at any time； I may
report