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2。 When in difficult country； do not encamp。 In country where high roads intersect； join hands with your allies。 Do not linger in dangerously isolated positions。 In hemmed…in situations； you must resort to stratagem。 In desperate position； you must fight。
3。 There are roads which must not be followed； armies which must be not attacked； towns which must be besieged； positions which must not be contested； and mands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed。
4。 The general who thoroughly understands the advantages that acpany variation of tactics knows how to handle his troops。
5。 The general who does not understand these may be well acquainted with the configuration of the country； yet he will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account。
6。 So； the student of war who is unversed in the art of war of varying his plans； even though he be acquainted with the Five Advantages； will fail to make the best use of his men。
7。 Hence in the wise leader's plans； considerations of advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together。
8。 If our expectation of advantage be tempered in this way； we may succeed in acplishing the essential part of our schemes。
9。 If； on the other hand； in the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage； we may extricate ourselves from misfortune。
10。 Reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage on them； and make trouble for them； and keep them constantly engaged； hold out specious allurements； and make them rush to any given point。
11。 The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not ing； but on our own readiness to receive him； not on the chance of his not attacking； but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable。
12。 There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general：
（1） Recklessness； which leads to destruction；
（2） Cowardice； which leads to capture；
（3） A hasty temper； which can be provoked by insults；
（4） A delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame；
（5） Over…solicitude for his men； which exposes him to worry and trouble。
13。 These are the five besetting sins of a general； ruinous to the conduct of war。
14。 When an army is overthrown and its leader slain； the cause will surely be found among these five dangerous faults。 Let them be a subject of meditation。
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09《孫子兵法》行軍篇第九
孫子曰：凡處軍、相敵，絕山依谷，視生處高，戰隆無登，此處山之軍也。絕水必遠水﹔客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內，令半濟而擊之，利﹔欲戰者，無附于水而迎客﹔視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。絕斥澤，惟亟去無留﹔若交軍于斥澤之中，必依水草，而背眾樹，此處斥澤之軍也。平陸處易，而右背高，前死後生，此處平陸之軍也。凡此四軍之利，黃帝之所以勝四帝也。
凡軍好高而惡下，貴陽而賤陰，養生而處實，軍無百疾，是謂必勝。丘陵堤防，必處其陽，而右背之。此兵之利，地之助也。
上雨，水沫至，欲涉者，待其定也。
凡地有絕澗、天井、天牢、天羅、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。吾遠之，敵近之﹔吾迎之，敵背之。
軍旁有險阻、潢井、葭葦、林木、蹋C者，必謹慎復索之，此伏奸之所處也。
敵近而靜者，恃其險也﹔遠而挑戰者，欲人之進也﹔其所居易者，利也。
眾樹動者，來也﹔眾草多障者，疑也﹔鳥起者，伏也﹔獸駭者，覆也﹔塵高而銳者，車來也﹔卑而廣者，徒來也﹔散而條達者，樵采也﹔少而往來者，營軍也。
辭卑而備者，進也﹔辭強而進驅者，退也﹔輕車先出其側者，陣也﹔無約而請和者，忠博r奔走而陳兵者，期也﹔半進半退者，誘也。
杖而立者，铮博r汲而先飲者，渴也﹔見利而不進者，勞也﹔鳥集者，虛也﹔夜呼者，恐也﹔軍擾者，將不重也﹔旌旗動者，亂也﹔吏怒者，倦也﹔粟馬肉食，軍無懸缶而不返其舍者，窮寇也﹔諄諄翕翕，徐與人言者，失眾也﹔數賞者，窘也﹔數罰者，困也﹔先暴而後畏其眾者，不精之至也﹔來委謝者，欲休息也。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必謹察之。
兵非貴益多也，惟無武進，足以并力、料敵、取人而已。夫惟無懀Ф讛痴撸厍苡谌恕�
卒未親附而罰之，則不服，不服則難用也。卒已親附而罰不行，則不可用也。故令之以文，齊之以武，是謂必取。令素行以教其民，則民服﹔令素不行以教其民，則民不服。令素行者，與眾相得也。
IX。 THE ARMY ON THE MARCH
1。 Sun Tzu said： We e now to the question of encamping the army； and observing signs of the enemy。 Pass quickly over mountains； and keep in the neighborhood of valleys。
2。 Camp in high places； facing the sun。 Do not climb heights in order to fight。 So much for mountain warfare。
3。 After crossing a river； you should get far away from it。
4。 When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march； do not advance to meet it in mid…stream。 It will be best to let half the army get across； and then deliver your attack。
5。 If you are anxious to fight； you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross。
6。 Moor your craft higher up than the enemy； and facing the sun。 Do not move up…stream to meet the enemy。 So much for river warfare。
7。 In crossing salt…marshes； your sole concern should be to get over them quickly； without any delay。
8。 If forced to fight in a salt…marsh； you should have water and grass near you； and get your back to a clump of trees。 So much for operations in salt…marches。
9。 In dry； level country； take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear； so that the danger may be in front； and safety lie behind。 So much for campaigning in flat country。
10。 These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns。
11。 All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark。
12。 If you are careful of your men and camp on hard ground； the army will be free from disease of every kind； and this will spell victory。
13。 When you e to a hill or a bank； occupy the sunny side； with the slope on your right rear。 Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground。
14。 When； in consequence of heavy rains up…country； a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam； you must wait until it subsides。
15。 Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between； deep natural hollows； confined places； tangled thickets； quagmires and crevasses； should be left with all possible speed and not approached。
16。 While we keep away from such places； we should get the enemy to approach them； while we face them； we should let the enemy have them on his rear。
17。 If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be any hilly country； ponds surrounded by aquatic grass； hollow basins filled with reeds； or woods with thick undergrowth； they must be carefully routed out and searched； for these are places where men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to be lurking。
18。 When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet； he is relying on the natural strength of his position。
19。 When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle； he is anxious for the other side to advance。
20。 If his place of encampment is easy of access； he is tendering a bait。
21。 Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing。 The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious。
22。 The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade。 Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is ing。
23。 When there is dust rising in a high column； it is the sign of chariots advancing； when the dust is low； but spread over a wide area； it betokens the approach of infantry。 When it branches out in different directions； it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood。 A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping。
24。 Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance。 Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat。
25。 When the light chariots e out first and take up a position on the wings； it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle。
26。 Peace proposals unacpanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot。
27。 When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank； it means that the critical moment has e。
28。 When some are seen advancing and some retreating； it is a lure。
29。 When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears； they are faint from want of food。
30。 If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves； the army is suffering from thirst。
31。 If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it； the soldiers are exhausted。
32。 If birds gather on any spot； it is unoccupied。 Clamor by night betokens nervousness。
33。 If there is disturbance in the camp； the general's authority is weak。 If the banners and flags are shifted about； sedition is afoot。 If the officers are angry； it means that the men are weary。
34。 When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food； and when the men do not hang their cooking…pots over the camp…fires； showing that they will not return to their tents； you may know that they are determined to fight to the death。
35。 The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file。
36。 Too frequent rewards signi