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him with sacrifices。 Such then was the end of Dorieus； who if he had brooked the rule of Cleomenes； and remained in Sparta； would have been king of Lacedaemon； since Cleomenes； after reigning no great length of time； died without male offspring； leaving behind him an only daughter； by name Gorgo。 Cleomenes； however； was still king when Aristagoras； tyrant of Miletus； reached Sparta。 At their interview； Aristagoras； according to the report of the Lacedaemonians； produced a bronze tablet； whereupon the whole circuit of the earth was engraved； with all its seas and rivers。 Discourse began between the two； and Aristagoras addressed the Spartan king in these words following：… 〃Think it not strange； O King Cleomenes； that I have been at the pains to sail hither； for the posture of affairs； which I will now recount unto thee； made it fitting。 Shame and grief is it indeed to none so much as to us； that the sons of the Ionians should have lost their freedom； and come to be the slaves of others； but yet it touches you likewise； O Spartans； beyond the rest of the Greeks； inasmuch as the pre…eminence over all Greece appertains to you。 We beseech you； therefore； by the common gods of the Grecians； deliver the Ionians； who are your own kinsmen； from slavery。 Truly the task is not difficult； for the barbarians are an unwarlike people； and you are the best and bravest warriors in the whole world。 Their mode of fighting is the following：… they use bows and arrows and a short spear； they wear trousers in the field； and cover their heads with turbans。 So easy are they to vanquish！ Know too that the dwellers in these parts have more good things than all the rest of the world put together… gold； and silver； and brass； and embroidered garments； beasts of burthen； and bond…servants… all which； if you only wish it； you may soon have for your own。 The nations border on one another； in the order which I will now explain。 Next to these Ionians〃 （here he pointed with his finger to the map of the world which was engraved upon the tablet that he had brought with him） 〃these Lydians dwell； their soil is fertile； and few people are so rich in silver。 Next to them；〃 he continued； 〃come these Phrygians； who have more flocks and herds than any race that I know； and more plentiful harvests。 On them border the Cappadocians； whom we Greeks know by the name of Syrians： they are neighbours to the Cilicians； who extend all the way to this sea； where Cyprus （the island which you see here） lies。 The Cilicians pay the king a yearly tribute of five hundred talents。 Next to them come the Armenians； who live here… they too have numerous flocks and herds。 After them come the Matieni； inhabiting this country； then Cissia； this province； where you see the river Choaspes marked； and likewise the town Susa upon its banks； where the Great King holds his court； and where the treasuries are in which his wealth is stored。 Once masters of this city； you may be bold to vie with Jove himself for riches。 In the wars which ye wage with your rivals of Messenia； with them of Argos likewise and of Arcadia； about paltry boundaries and strips of land not so remarkably good； ye contend with those who have no gold； nor silver even； which often give men heart to fight and die。 Must ye wage such wars； and when ye might so easily be lords of Asia； will ye decide otherwise？〃 Thus spoke Aristagoras； and Cleomenes replied to him；… 〃Milesian stranger； three days hence I will give thee an answer。〃 So they proceeded no further at that time。 When； however； the day appointed for the answer came； and the two once more met； Cleomenes asked Aristagoras； 〃how many days' journey it was from the sea of the Ionians to the king's residence？〃 Hereupon Aristagoras； who had managed the rest so cleverly； and succeeded in deceiving the king； tripped in his speech and blundered； for instead of concealing the truth； as he ought to have done if he wanted to induce the Spartans to cross into Asia； he said plainly that it was a journey of three months。 Cleomenes caught at the words； and； preventing Aristagoras from finishing what he had begun to say concerning the road； addressed him thus：… 〃Milesian stranger； quit Sparta before sunset。 This is no good proposal that thou makest to the Lacedaemonians； to conduct them a distance of three months' journey from the sea。〃 When he had thus spoken； Cleomenes went to his home。 But Aristagoras took an olive…bough in his hand； and hastened to the king's house； where he was admitted by reason of his suppliant's pliant's guise。 Gorgo； the daughter of Cleomenes； and his only child； a girl of about eight or nine years of age； happened to be there； standing by her father's side。 Aristagoras； seeing her； requested Cleomenes to send her out of the room before he began to speak with him； but Cleomenes told him to say on； and not mind the child。 So Aristagoras began with a promise of ten talents if the king would grant him his request； and when Cleomenes shook his head； continued to raise his offer till it reached fifty talents； whereupon the child spoke：… 〃Father；〃 she said； 〃get up and go； or the stranger will certainly corrupt thee。〃 Then Cleomenes； pleased at the warning of his child； withdrew and went into another room。 Aristagoras quitted Sparta for good； not being able to discourse any more concerning the road which led up to the king。 Now the true account of the road in question is the following：… Royal stations exist along its whole length； and excellent caravanserais； and throughout； it traverses an inhabited tract； and is free from danger。 In Lydia and Phrygia there are twenty stations within a distance Of 94 1/2 parasangs。 On leaving Phrygia the Halys has to be crossed； and here are gates through which you must needs pass ere you can traverse the stream。 A strong force guards this post。 When you have made the passage； and are come into Cappadocia； 28 stations and 104 parasangs bring you to the borders of Cilicia； where the road passes through two sets of gates； at each of which there is a guard posted。 Leaving these behind； you go on through Cilicia； where you find three stations in a distance of 15 1/2 parasangs。 The boundary between Cilicia and Armenia is the river Euphrates； which it is necessary to cross in boats。 In Armenia the resting…places are 15 in number； and the distance is 56 1/2 parasangs。 There is one place where a guard is posted。 Four large streams intersect this district； all of which have to be crossed by means of boats。 The first of these is the Tigris； the second and the third have both of them the same name； though they are not only different rivers； but do not even run from the same place。 For the one which I have called the first of the two has its source in Armenia； while the other flows afterwards out of the country of the Matienians。 The fourth of the streams is called the Gyndes； and this is the river which Cyrus dispersed by digging for it three hundred and sixty channels。 Leaving Armenia and entering the Matienian country； you have four stations； these passed you find yourself in Cissia； where eleven stations and 42 1/2 parasangs bring you to another navigable stream； the Choaspes； on the banks of which the city of Susa is built。 Thus the entire number of the stations is raised to one hundred and eleven； and so many are in fact the resting…places that one finds between Sardis and Susa。 If then the royal road be measured aright； and the parasang equals； as it does； thirty furlongs； the whole distance from Sardis to the palace of Memnon （as it is called）； amounting thus to 450 parasangs； would be 13；500 furlongs。 Travelling then at the rate of 150 furlongs a day； one will take exactly ninety days to perform the journey。 Thus when Aristagoras the Milesian told Cleomenes the Lacedaemonian that it was a three months' journey from the sea up to the king； he said no more than the truth。 The exact distance （if any one desires still greater accuracy） is somewhat more； for the journey from Ephesus to Sardis must be added to the foregoing account； and this will make the whole distance between the Greek Sea and Susa （or the city of Memnon； as it is called） 14；040 furlongs； since Ephesus is distant from Sardis 540 furlongs。 This would add three days to the three months' journey。 When Aristagoras left Sparta he hastened to Athens； which had got quit of its tyrants in the way that I will now describe。 After the death of Hipparchus （the son of Pisistratus； and brother of the tyrant Hippias）； who； in spite of the clear warning he had received concerning his fate in a dream； was slain by Harmodius and Aristogeiton （men both of the race of the Gephyraeans）； the oppression of the Athenians continued by the space of four years； and they gained nothing； but were worse used than before。 Now the dream of Hipparchus was the following：… The night before the Panathenaic festival； he thought he saw in his sleep a tall and beautiful man； who stood over him； and read him the following riddle：…
Bear thou unbearable woes with the all…bearing heart of a lion； Never； be sure； shall wrong…doer escape the reward of wrong…doing。
As soon as day dawned he sent and submitted his dream to the interpreters； after which he offered the averting sacri