the history-第81章

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in　of　the　citizens；　together　with　a　number　of　Cyrenaean　exiles；　recognising　him　as　he　walked　in　the　forum；　killed　him；　they　slew　also　at　the　same　time　Alazir；　his　father…in…law。　So　Arcesilaus；　wittingly　or　unwittingly；　disobeyed　the　oracle；　and　thereby　fulfilled　his　destiny。　　　　　Pheretima；　the　mother　of　Arcesilaus；　during　the　time　that　her　son；　after　working　his　own　ruin；　dwelt　at　Barca；　continued　to　enjoy　all　his　privileges　at　Cyrene；　managing　the　government；　and　taking　her　seat　at　the　council…board。　No　sooner；　however；　did　she　hear　of　the　death　of　her　son　at　Barca；　than　leaving　Cyrene；　she　fled　in　haste　to　Egypt。　Arcesilaus　had　claims　for　service　done　to　Cambyses；　son　of　Cyrus；　since　it　was　by　him　that　Cyrene　was　put　under　the　Persian　yoke；　and　a　rate　of　tribute　agreed　upon。　Pheretima　therefore　went　straight　to　Egypt；　and　presenting　herself　as　a　suppliant　before　Aryandes；　entreated　him　to　avenge　her　wrongs。　Her　son；　she　said；　had　met　his　death　on　account　of　his　being　so　well　affected　towards　the　Medes。　　　　　Now　Aryandes　had　been　made　governor　of　Egypt　by　Cambyses。　He　it　was　who　in　after　times　was　punished　with　death　by　Darius　for　seeking　to　rival　him。　Aware；　by　report　and　also　by　his　own　eyesight；　that　Darius　wished　to　leave　a　memorial　of　himself；　such　as　no　king　had　ever　left　before；　Aryandes　resolved　to　follow　his　example；　and　did　so；　till　he　got　his　reward。　Darius　had　refined　gold　to　the　last　perfection　of　purity　in　order　to　have　coins　struck　of　it：　Aryandes；　in　his　Egyptian　government；　did　the　very　same　with　silver；　so　that　to　this　day　there　is　no　such　pure　silver　anywhere　as　the　Aryandic。　Darius；　when　this　came　to　his　ears；　brought　another　charge；　a　charge　of　rebellion；　against　Aryandes；　and　put　him　to　death。　　　　　At　the　time　of　which　we　are　speaking　Aryandes；　moved　with　compassion　for　Pheretima；　granted　her　all　the　forces　which　there　were　in　Egypt；　both　land　and　sea。　The　command　of　the　army　he　gave　to　Amasis；　a　Maraphian；　while　Badres；　one　of　the　tribe　of　the　Pasargadae；　was　appointed　to　lead　the　fleet。　Before　the　expedition；　however；　left　Egypt；　he　sent　a　herald　to　Barca　to　inquire　who　it　was　that　had　slain　king　Arcesilaus。　The　Barcaeans　replied　〃that　they；　one　and　all；　acknowledged　the　deed…　Arcesilaus　had　done　them　many　and　great　injuries。〃　After　receiving　this　reply；　Aryandes　gave　the　troops　orders　to　march　with　Pheretima。　Such　was　the　cause　which　served　as　a　pretext　for　this　expedition：　its　real　object　was；　I　believe；　the　subjugation　of　Libya。　For　Libya　is　inhabited　by　many　and　various　races；　and　of　these　but　very　few　were　subjects　of　the　Persian　king；　while　by　far　the　larger　number　held　Darius　in　no　manner　of　respect。　　　　　The　Libyans　dwell　in　the　order　which　I　will　now　describe。　Beginning　on　the　side　of　Egypt；　the　first　Libyans　are　the　Adyrmachidae　These　people　have；　in　most　points；　the　same　customs　as　the　Egyptians；　but　use　the　costume　of　the　Libyans。　Their　women　wear　on　each　leg　a　ring　made　of　bronze；　they　let　their　hair　grow　long；　and　when　they　catch　any　vermin　on　their　persons；　bite　it　and　throw　it　away。　In　this　they　differ　from　all　the　other　Libyans。　They　are　also　the　only　tribe　with　whom　the　custom　obtains　of　bringing　all　women　about　to　become　brides　before　the　king；　that　he　may　choose　such　as　are　agreeable　to　him。　The　Adyrmachidae　extend　from　the　borders　of　Egypt　to　the　harbour　called　Port　Plynus。　　　　　Next　to　the　Adyrmachidae　are　the　Gilligammae；　who　inhabit　the　country　westward　as　far　as　the　island　of　Aphrodisias。　Off　this　tract　is　the　island　of　Platea；　which　the　Cyrenaeans　colonised。　Here　too；　upon　the　mainland；　are　Port　Menelaus；　and　Aziris；　where　the　Cyrenaeans　once　lived。　The　Silphium　begins　to　grow　in　this　region；　extending　from　the　island　of　Platea　on　the　one　side　to　the　mouth　of　the　Syrtis　on　the　other。　The　customs　of　the　Gilligammae　are　like　those　of　the　rest　of　their　countrymen。　　　　　The　Asbystae　adjoin　the　Gilligammae　upon　the　west。　They　inhabit　the　regions　above　Cyrene；　but　do　not　reach　to　the　coast；　which　belongs　to　the　Cyrenaeans。　Four…horse　chariots　are　in　more　common　use　among　them　than　among　any　other　Libyans。　In　most　of　their　customs　they　ape　the　manners　of　the　Cyrenaeans。　　　　　Westward　of　the　Asbystae　dwell　the　Auschisae；　who　possess　the　country　above　Barca；　reaching；　however；　to　the　sea　at　the　place　called　Euesperides。　In　the　middle　of　their　territory　is　the　little　tribe　of　the　Cabalians；　which　touches　the　coast　near　Tauchira；　a　city　of　the　Barcaeans。　Their　customs　are　like　those　of　the　Libyans　above　Cyrene。　　　　　The　Nasamonians；　a　numerous　people；　are　the　western　neighbours　of　the　Auschisae。　In　summer　they　leave　their　flocks　and　herds　upon　the　sea…shore；　and　go　up　the　country　to　a　place　called　Augila；　where　they　gather　the　dates　from　the　palms；　which　in　those　parts　grow　thickly；　and　are　of　great　size；　all　of　them　being　of　the　fruit…bearing　kind。　They　also　chase　the　locusts；　and；　when　caught；　dry　them　in　the　sun；　after　which　they　grind　them　to　powder；　and；　sprinkling　this　upon　their　milk；　so　drink　it。　Each　man　among　them　has　several　wives；　in　their　intercourse　with　whom　they　resemble　the　Massagetae。　The　following　are　their　customs　in　the　swearing　of　oaths　and　the　practice　of　augury。　The　man；　as　he　swears；　lays　his　hand　upon　the　tomb　of　some　one　considered　to　have　been　pre…eminently　just　and　good；　and　so　doing　swears　by　his　name。　For　divination　they　betake　themselves　to　the　sepulchres　of　their　own　ancestors；　and；　after　praying；　lie　down　to　sleep　upon　their　graves；　by　the　dreams　which　then　come　to　them　they　guide　their　conduct。　When　they　pledge　their　faith　to　one　another；　each　gives　the　other　to　drink　out　of　his　hand；　if　there　be　no　liquid　to　be　had；　they　take　up　dust　from　the　ground；　and　put　their　tongues　to　it。　　　　　On　the　country　of　the　Nasamonians　borders　that　of　the　Psylli；　who　were　swept　away　under　the　following　circumstances。　The　south…wind　had　blown　for　a　long　time　and　dried　up　all　the　tanks　in　which　their　water　was　stored。　Now　the　whole　region　within　the　Syrtis　is　utterly　devoid　of　springs。　Accordingly　the　Psylli　took　counsel　among　themselves；　and　by　common　consent　made　war　upon　the　southwind…　so　at　least　the　Libyans　say；　I　do　but　repeat　their　words…　they　went　forth　and　reached　the　desert；　but　there　the　south…wind　rose　and　buried　them　under　heaps　of　sand：　whereupon；　the　Psylli　being　destroyed；　their　lands　passed　to　the　Nasamonians。　　　　　Above　the　Nasamonians；　towards　the　south；　in　the　district　where　the　wild　beasts　abound；　dwell　the　Garamantians；　who　avoid　all　society　or　intercourse　with　their　fellow…men；　have　no　weapon　of　war；　and　do　not　know　how　to　defend　themselves。　　　　　These　border　the　Nasamonians　on　the　south：　westward　along　the　sea…shore　their　neighbours　are　the　Macea；　who；　by　letting　the　locks　about　the　crown　of　their　head　grow　long；　while　they　clip　them　close　everywhere　else；　make　their　hair　resemble　a　crest。　In　war　these　people　use　the　skins　of　ostriches　for　shields。　The　river　Cinyps　rises　among　them　from　the　height　called　〃the　Hill　of　the　Graces；〃　and　runs　from　thence　through　their　country　to　the　sea。　The　Hill　of　the　Graces　is　thickly　covered　with　wood；　and　is　thus　very　unlike　the　rest　of　Libya；　which　is　bare。　It　is　distant　two　hundred　furlongs　from　the　sea。　　　　　Adjoining　the　Macae　are　the　Gindanes；　whose　women　wear　on　their　legs　anklets　of　leather。　Each　lover　that　a　woman　has　gives　her　one；　and　she　who　can　show　the　most　is　the　best　esteemed；　as　she　appears　to　have　been　loved　by　the　greatest　number　of　men。　　　　A　promontory　jutting　out　into　the　sea　from　the　country　of　the　Gindanes　is　inhabited　by　the　Lotophagi；　who　live　entirely　on　the　fruit　of　the　lotus…tree。　The　lotus　fruit　is　about　the　size　of　the　lentisk　berry；　and　in　sweetness　resembles　the　date。　The　Lotophagi　even　succeed　in　obtaining　from　it　a　sort　of　wine。　　　　　The　sea…coast　beyond　the　Lotophagi　is　occupied　by　the　Machlyans；　who　use　the　lotus　to　some　extent；　though　not　so　much　as　the　people　of　whom　we　last　spoke。　The　Machlyans　reach　as　far　as　the　great　river　called　the　Triton；　which　empties　itself　into　the　great　lake　Tritonis。　Here；　in　this　lake；　is　an　island　called　Phla；　which　it　is　said　the　Lacedaemonians　were　to　have　colonised；　according　to　an　oracle。　　　　　The　following　is　the　story　as　it　is　commonly　told。　When　Jason　had　finished　building　the　Argo　at　the　foot　of　Mount　Pelion；　he　took　on　board　the　usual　hecatomb；　and　moreover　a　brazen　tripod。　Thus　equipped；　he　set　sail；　intending　to　coast　round　the　Peloponnese；　and　so　to　reach　Delphi。　The　voyage　was　prosperous　as　far　as　Malea；　but　at　that　point　a　gale　of　wind　from　the　north　came　on　suddenly；　and　carried　him　out　of　his　course　to　the　coast　of　Libya；　where；　before　he　discovered　the　land；　he　got　among　the　shallows　of　Lake　Tritonis。　As　he　was　turning　it　in　his　mind　how　he　should　find　his　way　out；　Triton　（they　say）　appeared　to　him；　and　offered　to　show　him　the　channel；　and　secure　him　a　safe　retreat；　if　he　would　give　him　the　tripod。　Jason　complying；　was　shown　by　Triton　the　passage　through　the　shallows；　after　which　the　god　took　the　tripod；　and；　carrying　it　to　his　own　temple；　seated　himself　upon　it；　and；　filled　with　prophetic　fury；　delivered　to　Jason　and　his　companions　a　long　prediction。　〃When　a　descendant；〃　he　said；　〃of　one　of　the　Argo's　crew　should　seize　and　carry　off　the　brazen　tripod；　the