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made haste to put an end to an investigation imprudently begun amidst
2；000 sots with naked swords； handled by them very carelessly。〃
＇100＇ Napoleon's narrative。 Memoirs of Barbaroux。
＇101＇ Moniteur； XIII。 387。 Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 340。
＇102＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 303。 Words of the president Vergniaud on
receiving Louis XVI。 … Ibid。 340； 342； 350。
＇103＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； 356； 357。
＇104＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； 337。 Speech of Huguenin； president of the
Commune； at the bar of the National Assembly： 〃The people by whom we
are sent to you have instructed us to declare to you that they invest
you anew with its confidence； but they at the same time instruct us to
declare to you that； as judge of the extraordinary measures to which
they have been driven by necessity and resistance to oppression； they
k now no other authority than the French people； your sovereign and
ours； assembled in its primary meetings。〃
＇105＇ Duvergier； 〃Collection des lois et décrets；〃 （between Aug。 10
and Sept。 20）。
＇106＇ Duvergier； 〃Collection des lois et décrets；〃 Aug。 11…12。 〃The
natgional Assembly considering that it has not the right to subject
sovereignty in the formation of a national Convention to imperative
regulations； 。 。 。 invites citizens to conform to the following
rules。〃
＇107＇ August 11 （article 8）
＇108＇ Aug。 10…12 and Aug。 28。
＇109＇ Ibid。； Aug。 10； Aug。 13。 … Cf。 Moniteur； XIII。 399 （session of
Aug。 12）。
＇110＇ Ibid。； Aug。 18。
＇111＇ Aug。 23 and Sep。 3。 After the 11th of August the Assembly
passes a decree releasing Saint…Huruge and annulling the warrant
against Antoine。
＇112＇ Ibid。； Aug。 14。
＇113＇ Ibid。； Aug。 14。 Decree for dividing the property of the émigrés
into lots of from two to four arpents； in order to 〃multiply small
proprietors。〃 Ibid。； Sept。 2。 Other decrees against the émigrés
and their relations； Aug。 14； 23； 30； and Sept。 5 and 9。
＇114＇ Ibid。； Aug。 26。 Other decrees against the ecclesiastics or the
property of the church； Aug。 17； 18； 19； and Sept。 9 and 19。
＇115＇ Ibid。； Sept。 20。
＇116＇ Imagine the impression these last lines may have upon any
ardent； ambitious and arrogant young man who； like Lenin in 1907；
would have read this between 1893 and 1962； date of the last English
reprinting of Taine's once widely know work。 They summed up both what
had to be done and who would be the primary beneficiaries of the
revolution。 Lenin； Hitler； Mussolini and countless other young hopeful
political men。 Read it once more and ask yourself if much of this
program has not been more or less surreptitiously carried out in most
western countries after the second world war？ （SR）。
＇117＇ Malouet； II。 241。
＇118＇ Mercure de France； July 21； 1792。
＇119＇ 〃Révolutions de Paris；〃 XIII。 137。
＇120＇ Mallet du Pan。 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 322。 Letters to Mallet du Pan。
Aug。 4 and following days。
＇121＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 446。 Pétion's narrative。 Arnault；
〃Souvenirs d'un sexagénaire；〃 I。 342。 （An eye…witness on the 10th of
August。） 〃The massacre extended but little beyond the Carrousel； and
did not cross the Seine。 Everywhere else I found a population as quiet
as if nothing had happened。 Inside the city the people scarcely
manifested any surprise； dancing went on in the public gardens。 In the
Marais； where I lived then； there was only a suspicion of the
occurrence； the same as at Saint…Germain； it was said that something
was going on in Paris； and the evening newspaper was impatiently
looked for to know what it was。〃
＇122＇ Moore； I。 122。 The same thing is observable at other crises
in the Revolution。 On the 6th of October； 1789 （Sainte…Beuve；
〃Causeries du Lundi；〃 XII。 461）； Sénac de Meilhan at an evening
reception hears the following conversations： 〃'Did you see the king
pass？' asks one。 'No； I was at the theater。' 'Did Molé play？' 'As
for myself； I was obliged to stay in the Tuileries； there was no way
of getting out before 9 o'clock。' 'You saw the king pass then？' 'I
could not see very well； it was dark。' Another says： 'It must have
taken six hours for him to come from Versailles。' Others coolly add
a few details。 To continue： 'Will you take a hand at whist？' 'I
will play after supper； which is just ready。' Cannon are heard； and
then a few whisperings； and a transient moment of depression；。 'The
king is leaving the H？tel…de…ville。 They must be very tired。' Supper
is taken and there are snatches of conversation。 They play trente et
quarante and while walking about watching the game and their cards
they do some talking： 'What a horrid affair！' while some speak
together briefly and in a low tone of voice。 The clock strikes two and
they all leave or go to bed。 These people seem to you insensible。
Very well； there is not one of them who would not accept death at the
king's feet。〃 On the 23d of June； 1791； at the news of the king's
arrest at Varennes； 〃the Bois de Boulogne and the Champs Elysées were
filled with people talking in a frivolous way about the most serious
matters； while young men are seen； pronouncing sentences of death in
their frolics with courtesans。〃 （Mercure de France； July 9； 1791。 It
begins with a little piece entitled Dépit d'un Amant。） … See ch。 XI。
for the sentiment of the population in May and June； 1793。
＇123＇ Moniteur； XIII。 290 （July 29） and 278 （July 30）。
＇124＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 145。 Letter of Santerre to the
Minister of the Interior； Sept。 16； 1792； with the daily list of all
the men that have left Paris between the3rd and 15th of September； the
total amounting to 18；635； of which 15；504 are volunteers。 Other
letters from the same； indicating subsequent departures： Sept。 17；
1；071 men； none the following days until Sept。 21； 243； 22nd 150； up
to the 26th； 813； on Oct。 1st； 113； 2nd and 3rd； 1；088 ； 4th； 1620；
16th； 196； etc。 I believe that amongst those who leave； some are
passing through Paris coming from the provinces； this prevents an
exact calculation of the number of Parisian volunteers。 M。 de
Lavalette； himself a volunteer； says 60；000； but he furnishes not
proofs of this。
＇125＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 362。
＇126＇ Soulavie； 〃Vie privée du Maréchal duc de Richelieu；〃 IX。 384。 …
… 〃One can scarcely comprehend；〃 says Lafayette； （Mémoires；〃 I。 454）；
〃how the Jacobin minority and a gang of pretended Marseilles men could
render themselves masters of Paris； while almost the whole of the
40；000 citizens forming the national guard desired the Constitution。〃
＇127＇ Hua； 169。
＇128＇ Moniteur； XIII。 437。 （session of Aug。 16； the applause
reiterated and the speech ordered to be printed）。
＇129＇ These words should cause society to change resulting in a
leveling of incomes through proportional taxation and aids of all
kinds throughout the industrialized world。 Nobody could ever imagine
the immense wealth which was to be produced by the efficient industry
of the 20th century。 （SR）。
＇130＇ R？derer； 〃？uvres Complètes。〃 VIII 477。 〃The club orators
displayed France to the proletariat as a sure prey if they would seize
hold of it。〃
＇131＇ This manifesto； was drafted for the Duke of Brunswick…
Lunebourg； the general commanding the combined Prussian and Austrian
forces； by the French émigré Marquis de Limon。 It threatened the
French and especially the Paris population with unspecified 〃rigors of
war〃 should it have the temerity to resist or to harm the King and his
family。 It was signed in Koblenz； Germany on 25 August 1792 and
published in royalist newspapers 3 days later in Paris。（SR）。
＇132＇ Moore's Journal；〃 I。 303…309。
＇133＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 474； 426。 Section of Gravilliers； letter
of Charles Chemin； commissary； to Santerre； and deposition of
Ilingray； cavalryman of the national gendarmerie； Aug。 11。
＇134＇ Beaumarchais； 〃？uvres complètes；〃 letter of Aug。 12； 1792。
This very interesting letter shows how mobs are composed at this
epoch。 A small gang of regular brigands and thieves plot together some
enterprise； to which is added a frightened； infatuated crowd； which
may become ferocious； but which remains honest。
＇135＇ The words of Hobbes applied by R？derer to the democracy of 1792：
〃In democratia tot possent esse Nerones quot sunt oratores qui populo
adulantur； simul et plures sunt in democratia； et quotidie novi
suboriuntur。〃
＇136＇ Lucas de Montigny； 〃Mémoires de Mirabeau；〃 II。 231 and
following pages。 The preface affixed by Manuel to his edition （of
Mirabeau's letters） is a masterpiece of nonsense and impertinence。
Peltier； 〃Histoire du 10 Aout；〃 II。 205。 Manuel 〃came out of a
little shop at Montargis and hawked about obscene tracts in the upper
stories of Paris。 He got hold of Mirabeau's letters in the drawers of
the public department and sold them for 2；000 crowns。〃 （testimony of
Boquillon； juge…de~paix）。