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of dismissal was not passed until the 12th of August； but after the
31St of July the municipality demanded it and during the following
days several Jacobin grenadiers go to the National Assembly； trample
on their bearskin hats and put on the red cap of liberty。
＇29＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 192 （municipal action of Aug。 5）。
＇30＇ Decree of July 2。
＇31＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 129。 Buchez et Roux； XV。 458。 According
to the report of the Minister of War； read the 30th of July； at the
evening session； 5；314 department federates left Paris between July 14
and 30。 Pétion wrote that the levy of federates then in Paris amounted
to 2；960； 〃of which 2；032 were getting ready to go to the camp at
Soissons。〃 A comparison of these figures leads to the approximate
number that I have adopted
＇32＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 120； 133 （session of the Jacobins； Aug。 6）。
The federates 〃resolved to watch the Chateau； each taking a place in
the battalions respectively of the sections in which they lodge； and
many incorporated themselves with the battalions of the faubourg St
Antoine。〃
＇33＇ Mercure de France； April 14； 1793。 〃 The Revolution；〃 I。 p。
332。
＇34＇ Barbaroux； 〃Mémoires；〃 37…40。 Lauront…Lautard； 〃Marseilles
depuis 1789 jusqu'à 1815；〃 I。 134。 〃The mayor； Mourdeille；〃 who had
recruited them； 〃was perhaps very glad to get rid of them。〃 On the
composition of this group and on the previous r？le of Rebecqui； see
chapter VI。
＇35＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 197 and following pages。 Mortimer…
Ternaux； II。 148 （the grenadiers numbered only 166）。 Moniteur；
XIII。 310 （session of Aug。 1）。 Address of the grenadiers： 〃They swore
on their honor that they did not draw their swords until after being
threatened for a quarter of an hour； then insulted and humiliated；
until forced to defend their lives against a troop of brigands armed
with pistols； and some of them with carbines。〃 〃 The reading of
this memorandum is often interrupted by hooting from the galleries； in
spite of the president's orders。〃 Hooting again； when they file out
of the chamber。
＇36＇ The lack of men of action greatly embarrassed the Jacobin party。
（〃Correspondance de Mirabeau et du Comte de la Marck；2 II。 326。）
Letter of M。 de Montmorin； July 13； 1792。 On the disposition of the
people of Paris； wearied and worn out 〃to excess。〃 〃They will take no
side； either for or against the king。 。 。 They no longer stir for any
purpose； riots are wholly factitious。 This is so right that they are
obliged to bring men from the South to get them up。 Nearly all of
those who forced the gates of the Tuileries； or rather； who got inside
of them on the 20th of June； were outsiders or onlookers； got together
at the sight of such a lot of pikes and red caps； etc。 The cowards ran
at the slightest indication of presenting arms； which was done by a
portion of the national guard on the arrival of a deputation from the
National Assembly； their leaders being obliged to encourage them by
telling them that they were not to be fired at。〃
＇37＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 447。 〃Chronique des cinquante jours；〃 by
R？derer。
＇38＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 378。…127 Jacobins of Arras； led by
Geoffroy and young Robespierre； declare to the Directory that they
mean to come to its meetings and follow its deliberations。 〃It is time
that the master should keep his eye on his agents。〃 The Directory；
therefore； resigns （July 4； 1792）。 … Ibid。； 462 （report of Leroux；
municipal officer）。 The Paris municipal council； on the night of
August 9…10 deliberates under threats of death and the furious shouts
of the galleries。
＇39＇ Duvergier's 〃Collection of Laws and Decrees；〃 July 4； 5…8； 11…12；
25…28。 Buchez et Roux； XVI。 250。 The section of the Theatre
Fran？ais （of which Danton is president and Chaumette and Momoro
secretaries） thus interpret the declaration of the country being in
danger。 〃After a declaration of the country being in danger by the
representatives of the people； it is natural that the people itself
should take back its sovereign supervision。〃
＇40＇ Schmidt； 〃Tableaux de la Révolution；〃 I。 99…100。 Report to
Roland； Oct。 29； 1792。
＇41＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 199。 … Buchez et Roux； XVI。 320。 …
Moniteur； XIII。 336 （session of Aug。 5）。 Speech by Collot d'Herbois。
＇42＇ Moniteur； XI。 20； session of Feb。 4。 At this meeting Gorguereau；
reporter of the committee on legislation； had already stated that 〃The
authors of these multiplied addresses seem to command rather than
demand。 。 。 It is ever the same sections or the same individuals who
deceive you in bringing to you their own false testimony for that of
the capital。〃 … 〃Down with the reporter！ From the galleries。〃 …
Ibid。； XIII。 93； session of July 11。 M。 Gastelier： 〃Addresses in the
name of the people are constantly read to you； which are not even the
voice of one section。 We have seen the same individual coming three
times a week to demand something in the name of sovereignty。〃 （Shouts
of down！ down！ in the galleries。 Ibid。； 208； session of July 21。 M。
Dumolard： 〃You must distinguish between the people of Paris and these
subaltern intriguers 。 。 。 these habitual oracles of the cafés and
public squares； whose equivocal existence has for a long time occupied
the attention and claimed the supervision of the police。〃 （Down with
the speaker！ murmurs and hooting in the galleries）。…Mortimer…Ternaux；
II。 398。 Protests of the arsenal section； read by Lavoisier （the
chemist）： 〃The caprice of a knot of citizens （thus） becomes the
desire of an immense population。〃
＇43＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 251。 … Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 239 and 243。
The central bureau is first opened in 〃the building of the Saint…
Esprit； in the second story； near the passage communicating with the
common dwelling。〃 Afterwards the commissioners of the section occupy
another room in the H？tel…de…ville； nearly joining the throne…room；
where the municipal council is holding its sessions。 During the night
of August 9…10 both councils sit four hours simultaneously within a
few steps of each other。
＇44＇ Robespierre； 〃Seventh letter to his constituents；〃 says： 〃The
sections。 。 。 have been busy for more than a fortnight getting ready
for the last Revolution。〃
＇45＇ Robespierre； 〃Seventh letter to his constituents〃 Malouet； II。
233； 234。 R？derer； 〃Chronique des cinquante jours。〃
＇46＇ Moniteur； XIII。 318； 319。 The petition is drawn up apparently by
people who are beside themselves。 〃If we did not rely on you； I would
not answer for the excesses to which our despair would carry us！ We
would bring on ourselves all the horrors of civil war； provided we
could； on dying； drag along with us some of our cowardly assassins！〃 …
… The representatives； it must be noted； talk in the same vein。 La
Source exclaims： 〃The members here； like yourselves； call for
vengeance！〃 … Thuriot： 〃The crime is atrocious！〃
＇47＇ Taine is describing a basic trait of human nature； something we
see again and again whether our ancestors attacked small； harmless
neighboring nations； witches； renegades； Jews； or religious people of
another faith 。（SR）。
＇48＇ Buchez et Roux； XIX 93； session of Sept。 23； 1792。 Speech by
Panis： 〃Many worthy citizens would like to have judicial proof； but
political proofs satisfy us〃 Towards the end of July the Minister
of the Interior had invited Pétion to send two municipal officers to
examine the Tuileries； but this the council refused to do； so as to
keep up the excitement。
＇49＇ Mallet du Pan； 〃Mémoires；〃 303。 Letter of Malouet； June 29。
Bertrand de Molleville； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 301。 Hua； 148。 Weber；
II。 208。 Madame Campan； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 188。 Already； at the end of
1791； the king was told that he was liable to be poisoned by the
pastry…cook of the palace； a Jacobin。 For three or four months the
bread and pastry he ate were secretly purchased in other places。 On
the 14th of July； 1792； his attendants； on account of the threats
against his life； put a breastplate on him under his coat。
＇50＇ member of the 1789 Constituent Assembly。 （SR）。
＇51＇ Moniteur； VIII。 271； 278。 A deputy； excusing his assailants；
pretends that d'ésprémesnil urged the people to enter the Tuileries
garden。 It is scarcely necessary to state that during the Constituent
Assembly d'Espréménil was one of the most conspicuous members of the
extreme 〃Right。〃 … Duc de Ga？te； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 18。
＇52＇ Lafayette； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 465。
＇53＇ Moniteur； XIII。 327； Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 176。
＇54＇ Moniteur； XIII。 340。 The style of these petitions is highly
instructive。 We see in them the state of mind and degree of education
of the petitioners： sometimes a half…educated writer attempting to
reason in the vein of the Contrat Social； sometimes； a schoolboy
spouting the tirades of Raynal； and sometimes； the corner letter…
writer putting together the expressions forming his stock