ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
¾ÅÉ«Êé¼® ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

the golden bough-µÚ170ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



hunters¡¡and¡¡shepherds¡¡adore¡¡and¡¡kill¡¡are¡¡animals¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡simple£»¡¡not¡¡animals¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡embodiments¡¡of¡¡other¡¡supernatural¡¡beings¡£¡¡Our¡¡first¡¡example¡¡is¡¡drawn¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Indians¡¡of¡¡California£»¡¡who¡¡living¡¡in¡¡a¡¡fertile¡¡country¡¡under¡¡a¡¡serene¡¡and¡¡temperate¡¡sky£»¡¡nevertheless¡¡rank¡¡near¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡savage¡¡scale¡£¡¡The¡¡Acagchemem¡¡tribe¡¡adored¡¡the¡¡great¡¡buzzard£»¡¡and¡¡once¡¡a¡¡year¡¡they¡¡celebrated¡¡a¡¡great¡¡festival¡¡called¡¡Panes¡¡or¡¡bird¡­feast¡¡in¡¡its¡¡honour¡£¡¡The¡¡day¡¡selected¡¡for¡¡the¡¡festival¡¡was¡¡made¡¡known¡¡to¡¡the¡¡public¡¡on¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡before¡¡its¡¡celebration¡¡and¡¡preparations¡¡were¡¡at¡¡once¡¡made¡¡for¡¡the¡¡erection¡¡of¡¡a¡¡special¡¡temple¡¡£¨vanquech£©£»¡¡which¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡circular¡¡or¡¡oval¡¡enclosure¡¡of¡¡stakes¡¡with¡¡the¡¡stuffed¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡a¡¡coyote¡¡or¡¡prairie¡­wolf¡¡set¡¡up¡¡on¡¡a¡¡hurdle¡¡to¡¡represent¡¡the¡¡god¡¡Chinigchinich¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡temple¡¡was¡¡ready£»¡¡the¡¡bird¡¡was¡¡carried¡¡into¡¡it¡¡in¡¡solemn¡¡procession¡¡and¡¡laid¡¡on¡¡an¡¡altar¡¡erected¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡£¡¡Then¡¡all¡¡the¡¡young¡¡women£»¡¡whether¡¡married¡¡or¡¡single£»¡¡began¡¡to¡¡run¡¡to¡¡and¡¡fro£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡distracted£»¡¡some¡¡in¡¡one¡¡direction¡¡and¡¡some¡¡in¡¡another£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡elders¡¡of¡¡both¡¡sexes¡¡remained¡¡silent¡¡spectators¡¡of¡¡the¡¡scene£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡captains£»¡¡tricked¡¡out¡¡in¡¡paint¡¡and¡¡feathers£»¡¡danced¡¡round¡¡their¡¡adored¡¡bird¡£¡¡These¡¡ceremonies¡¡being¡¡concluded£»¡¡they¡¡seized¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡bird¡¡and¡¡carried¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡temple£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡assembly¡¡uniting¡¡in¡¡the¡¡grand¡¡display£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡captains¡¡dancing¡¡and¡¡singing¡¡at¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡the¡¡procession¡£¡¡Arrived¡¡at¡¡the¡¡temple£»¡¡they¡¡killed¡¡the¡¡bird¡¡without¡¡losing¡¡a¡¡drop¡¡of¡¡its¡¡blood¡£¡¡The¡¡skin¡¡was¡¡removed¡¡entire¡¡and¡¡preserved¡¡with¡¡the¡¡feathers¡¡as¡¡a¡¡relic¡¡or¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡making¡¡the¡¡festal¡¡garment¡¡or¡¡paelt¡£¡¡The¡¡carcase¡¡was¡¡buried¡¡in¡¡a¡¡hole¡¡in¡¡the¡¡temple£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡old¡¡women¡¡gathered¡¡round¡¡the¡¡grave¡¡weeping¡¡and¡¡moaning¡¡bitterly£»¡¡while¡¡they¡¡threw¡¡various¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡seeds¡¡or¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡food¡¡on¡¡it£»¡¡crying¡¡out£»¡¡Why¡¡did¡¡you¡¡run¡¡away£¿¡¡Would¡¡you¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡better¡¡with¡¡us£¿¡¡you¡¡would¡¡have¡¡made¡¡pinole¡¡£¨a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡gruel£©¡¡as¡¡we¡¡do£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡you¡¡had¡¡not¡¡run¡¡away£»¡¡you¡¡would¡¡not¡¡have¡¡become¡¡a¡¡Panes£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡on¡£¡¡When¡¡this¡¡ceremony¡¡was¡¡concluded£»¡¡the¡¡dancing¡¡was¡¡resumed¡¡and¡¡kept¡¡up¡¡for¡¡three¡¡days¡¡and¡¡nights¡£¡¡They¡¡said¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Panes¡¡was¡¡a¡¡woman¡¡who¡¡had¡¡run¡¡off¡¡to¡¡the¡¡mountains¡¡and¡¡there¡¡been¡¡changed¡¡into¡¡a¡¡bird¡¡by¡¡the¡¡god¡¡Chinigchinich¡£¡¡They¡¡believed¡¡that¡¡though¡¡they¡¡sacrificed¡¡the¡¡bird¡¡annually£»¡¡she¡¡came¡¡to¡¡life¡¡again¡¡and¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡her¡¡home¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mountains¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡they¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡as¡¡often¡¡as¡¡the¡¡bird¡¡was¡¡killed£»¡¡it¡¡became¡¡multiplied£»¡¡because¡¡every¡¡year¡¡all¡¡the¡¡different¡¡Capitanes¡¡celebrated¡¡the¡¡same¡¡feast¡¡of¡¡Panes£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡firm¡¡in¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡birds¡¡sacrificed¡¡were¡¡but¡¡one¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same¡¡female¡£

The¡¡unity¡¡in¡¡multiplicity¡¡thus¡¡postulated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Californians¡¡is¡¡very¡¡noticeable¡¡and¡¡helps¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡their¡¡motive¡¡for¡¡killing¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡bird¡£¡¡The¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡a¡¡species¡¡as¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡that¡¡of¡¡an¡¡individual£»¡¡easy¡¡and¡¡obvious¡¡as¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡be¡¡one¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Californian¡¡savage¡¡cannot¡¡grasp¡£¡¡He¡¡is¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡conceive¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡species¡¡otherwise¡¡than¡¡as¡¡an¡¡individual¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡as¡¡exposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡dangers¡¡and¡¡calamities¡¡which¡¡menace¡¡and¡¡finally¡¡destroy¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡individual¡£¡¡Apparently¡¡he¡¡imagines¡¡that¡¡a¡¡species¡¡left¡¡to¡¡itself¡¡will¡¡grow¡¡old¡¡and¡¡die¡¡like¡¡an¡¡individual£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡therefore¡¡some¡¡step¡¡must¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡save¡¡from¡¡extinction¡¡the¡¡particular¡¡species¡¡which¡¡he¡¡regards¡¡as¡¡divine¡£¡¡The¡¡only¡¡means¡¡he¡¡can¡¡think¡¡of¡¡to¡¡avert¡¡the¡¡catastrophe¡¡is¡¡to¡¡kill¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡species¡¡in¡¡whose¡¡veins¡¡the¡¡tide¡¡of¡¡life¡¡is¡¡still¡¡running¡¡strong¡¡and¡¡has¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡stagnated¡¡among¡¡the¡¡fens¡¡of¡¡old¡¡age¡£¡¡The¡¡life¡¡thus¡¡diverted¡¡from¡¡one¡¡channel¡¡will¡¡flow£»¡¡he¡¡fancies£»¡¡more¡¡freshly¡¡and¡¡freely¡¡in¡¡a¡¡new¡¡one£»¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡slain¡¡animal¡¡will¡¡revive¡¡and¡¡enter¡¡on¡¡a¡¡new¡¡term¡¡of¡¡life¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡spring¡¡and¡¡energy¡¡of¡¡youth¡£¡¡To¡¡us¡¡this¡¡reasoning¡¡is¡¡transparently¡¡absurd£»¡¡but¡¡so¡¡too¡¡is¡¡the¡¡custom¡£¡¡A¡¡similar¡¡confusion£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡noted£»¡¡between¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡life¡¡and¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡species¡¡was¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Samoans¡£¡¡Each¡¡family¡¡had¡¡for¡¡its¡¡god¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡species¡¡of¡¡animal£»¡¡yet¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡animals£»¡¡for¡¡example¡¡an¡¡owl£»¡¡was¡¡not¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡the¡¡god£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡yet¡¡alive£»¡¡and¡¡incarnate¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡owls¡¡in¡¡existence¡£

2¡£¡¡Killing¡¡the¡¡Sacred¡¡Ram

THE¡¡RUDE¡¡Californian¡¡rite¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡just¡¡considered¡¡has¡¡a¡¡close¡¡parallel¡¡in¡¡the¡¡religion¡¡of¡¡ancient¡¡Egypt¡£¡¡The¡¡Thebans¡¡and¡¡all¡¡other¡¡Egyptians¡¡who¡¡worshipped¡¡the¡¡Theban¡¡god¡¡Ammon¡¡held¡¡rams¡¡to¡¡be¡¡sacred£»¡¡and¡¡would¡¡not¡¡sacrifice¡¡them¡£¡¡But¡¡once¡¡a¡¡year¡¡at¡¡the¡¡festival¡¡of¡¡Ammon¡¡they¡¡killed¡¡a¡¡ram£»¡¡skinned¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡clothed¡¡the¡¡image¡¡of¡¡the¡¡god¡¡in¡¡the¡¡skin¡£¡¡Then¡¡they¡¡mourned¡¡over¡¡the¡¡ram¡¡and¡¡buried¡¡it¡¡in¡¡a¡¡sacred¡¡tomb¡£¡¡The¡¡custom¡¡was¡¡explained¡¡by¡¡a¡¡story¡¡that¡¡Zeus¡¡had¡¡once¡¡exhibited¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡Hercules¡¡clad¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fleece¡¡and¡¡wearing¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡a¡¡ram¡£¡¡Of¡¡course¡¡the¡¡ram¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡was¡¡simply¡¡the¡¡beast¡­god¡¡of¡¡Thebes£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡wolf¡¡was¡¡the¡¡beast¡­god¡¡of¡¡Lycopolis£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡goat¡¡was¡¡the¡¡beast¡­god¡¡of¡¡Mendes¡£¡¡In¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡ram¡¡was¡¡Ammon¡¡himself¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡monuments£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true£»¡¡Ammon¡¡appears¡¡in¡¡semi¡­human¡¡form¡¡with¡¡the¡¡body¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man¡¡and¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡a¡¡ram¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡only¡¡shows¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡chrysalis¡¡state¡¡through¡¡which¡¡beast¡­gods¡¡regularly¡¡pass¡¡before¡¡they¡¡emerge¡¡as¡¡full¡­blown¡¡anthropomorphic¡¡gods¡£¡¡The¡¡ram£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡was¡¡killed£»¡¡not¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sacrifice¡¡to¡¡Ammon£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡the¡¡god¡¡himself£»¡¡whose¡¡identity¡¡with¡¡the¡¡beast¡¡is¡¡plainly¡¡shown¡¡by¡¡the¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡clothing¡¡his¡¡image¡¡in¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slain¡¡ram¡£¡¡The¡¡reason¡¡for¡¡thus¡¡killing¡¡the¡¡ram¡­god¡¡annually¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡that¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡assigned¡¡for¡¡the¡¡general¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡killing¡¡a¡¡god¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡special¡¡Californian¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡killing¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡buzzard¡£¡¡As¡¡applied¡¡to¡¡Egypt£»¡¡this¡¡explanation¡¡is¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡the¡¡analogy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bull¡­god¡¡Apis£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡not¡¡suffered¡¡to¡¡outlive¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡term¡¡of¡¡years¡£¡¡The¡¡intention¡¡of¡¡thus¡¡putting¡¡a¡¡limit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡human¡¡god¡¡was£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡argued£»¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡him¡¡from¡¡the¡¡weakness¡¡and¡¡frailty¡¡of¡¡age¡£¡¡The¡¡same¡¡reasoning¡¡would¡¡explain¡¡the¡¡customprobably¡¡an¡¡older¡¡oneof¡¡putting¡¡the¡¡beast¡­god¡¡to¡¡death¡¡annually£»¡¡as¡¡was¡¡done¡¡with¡¡the¡¡ram¡¡of¡¡Thebes¡£

One¡¡point¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Theban¡¡ritualthe¡¡application¡¡of¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡to¡¡the¡¡image¡¡of¡¡the¡¡goddeserves¡¡particular¡¡attention¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡god¡¡was¡¡at¡¡first¡¡the¡¡living¡¡ram£»¡¡his¡¡representation¡¡by¡¡an¡¡image¡¡must¡¡have¡¡originated¡¡later¡£¡¡But¡¡how¡¡did¡¡it¡¡originate£¿¡¡One¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡this¡¡question¡¡is¡¡perhaps¡¡furnished¡¡by¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡preserving¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡animal¡¡which¡¡is¡¡slain¡¡as¡¡divine¡£¡¡The¡¡Californians£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡seen£»¡¡preserved¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡buzzard£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡goat£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡killed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡harvest¡­field¡¡as¡¡a¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡the¡¡corn¡­spirit£»¡¡is¡¡kept¡¡for¡¡various¡¡superstitious¡¡purposes¡£¡¡The¡¡skin¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡was¡¡kept¡¡as¡¡a¡¡token¡¡or¡¡memorial¡¡of¡¡the¡¡god£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡as¡¡containing¡¡in¡¡it¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡had¡¡only¡¡to¡¡be¡¡stuffed¡¡or¡¡stretched¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡frame¡¡to¡¡become¡¡a¡¡regular¡¡image¡¡of¡¡him¡£¡¡At¡¡first¡¡an¡¡image¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡would¡¡be¡¡renewed¡¡annually£»¡¡the¡¡new¡¡image¡¡being¡¡provided¡¡by¡¡the¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slain¡¡animal¡£¡¡But¡¡from¡¡annual¡¡images¡¡to¡¡permanent¡¡images¡¡the¡¡transition¡¡is¡¡easy¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡the¡¡older¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡cutting¡¡a¡¡new¡¡May¡­tree¡¡every¡¡year¡¡was¡¡superseded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡maintaining¡¡a¡¡permanent¡¡May¡­pole£»¡¡which¡¡was£»¡¡however£»¡¡annually¡¡decked¡¡with¡¡fresh¡¡leaves¡¡and¡¡flowers£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡surmounted¡¡each¡¡year¡¡by¡¡a¡¡fresh¡¡young¡¡tree¡£¡¡Similarly¡¡when¡¡the¡¡stuffed¡¡skin£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡the¡¡god£»¡¡was¡¡replaced¡¡by¡¡a¡¡permanent¡¡image¡¡of¡¡him¡¡in¡¡wood£»¡¡stone£»¡¡or¡¡metal£»¡¡the¡¡permanent¡¡image¡¡was¡¡annually¡¡clad¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fresh¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slain¡¡animal¡£¡¡When¡¡this¡¡stage¡¡had¡¡been¡¡reached£»¡¡the¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡killing¡¡the¡¡ram¡¡came¡¡naturally¡¡to¡¡be¡¡interpreted¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sacrifice¡¡offered¡¡to¡¡the¡¡image£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡explained¡¡by¡¡a¡¡story¡¡like¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Ammon¡¡and¡¡Hercules¡£

3¡£¡¡Killing¡¡the¡¡Sacred¡¡Serpent

WEST¡¡AFRICA¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡furnish¡¡another¡¡example¡¡of¡¡the¡¡annual¡¡killing¡¡of¡¡a¡¡sacred¡¡animal¡¡and¡¡the¡¡preservation¡¡of¡¡its¡¡skin¡£¡¡The¡¡negroes¡¡of¡¡Issapoo£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡island¡¡of¡¡Fernando¡¡Po£»¡¡regard¡¡the¡¡cobra¡­capella¡¡as¡¡their¡¡guardian¡¡deity£»¡¡who¡¡can¡¡do¡¡them¡¡good¡¡or¡¡ill£»¡¡bestow¡¡riches¡¡or¡¡inflict¡¡disease¡¡and¡¡death¡£¡¡The¡¡skin¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡reptiles¡¡is¡¡hung¡¡tail¡¡downwards¡¡from¡¡a¡¡branch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡tree¡¡in¡¡the¡¡public¡¡square£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡placing¡¡of¡¡it¡¡on¡¡the¡¡tree¡¡is¡¡an¡¡annual¡¡ceremony¡£¡¡As¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡ceremony¡¡is¡¡over£»¡¡all¡¡children¡¡born¡¡within¡¡the¡¡past¡¡year¡¡are¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡and¡¡their¡¡hands¡¡made¡¡to¡¡touch¡¡the¡¡tail¡¡of¡¡the¡¡serpent's¡¡skin¡£¡¡The¡¡latter¡¡custom¡¡is¡¡clearly¡¡a¡¡way¡¡of¡¡placing¡¡the¡¡infants¡¡under¡¡the¡¡protection¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tribal¡¡god¡£¡¡Similarly¡¡in¡¡Senegambia¡¡a¡¡python¡¡is¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡every¡¡child¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Python¡¡clan¡¡within¡¡eight¡¡days¡¡after¡¡birth£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Psylli£»¡¡a¡¡Snake¡¡clan¡¡of¡¡ancient¡¡Africa£»¡¡used¡¡to¡¡expose¡¡their¡¡infants¡¡to¡¡snakes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡the¡¡snakes¡¡would¡¡not¡¡harm¡¡true¡­born¡¡children¡¡of¡¡the¡¡clan¡£¡¡4¡£¡¡Killing¡¡the¡¡Sacred¡¡Turtles

IN¡¡THE¡¡CALIFORNIAN£»¡¡Egyptian£»¡¡and¡¡Fernando¡¡Po¡¡customs¡¡the¡¡worship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡animal¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡no¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡agriculture£»¡¡and¡¡may¡¡therefore¡¡be¡¡presumed¡¡to¡¡date¡¡from¡¡the¡¡hunting¡¡or¡¡pastoral¡¡stage¡¡of¡¡society¡£¡¡The¡¡same¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡custom£»¡¡though¡¡the¡¡Zuni¡¡Indians¡¡of¡¡New¡¡Mexico£»¡¡who¡¡practise¡¡it£»¡¡are¡¡now¡¡settled¡¡in¡¡walled¡¡villages¡¡or¡¡towns¡¡of¡¡a¡¡peculiar¡¡type£»¡¡and¡¡practise¡¡agriculture¡¡and¡¡the¡¡arts¡¡of¡¡pottery¡¡and¡¡weaving¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡Zuni¡¡custom¡¡is¡¡marked¡¡by¡¡certain¡¡features¡¡which¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡place
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡