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the origins of contemporary france-1-第37章

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eighteenth century their genius is to be wellbred and their employment

consists in entertaining or in being entertained。



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Notes:



'1'。  〃Mémoires de Laporte〃 (1632)。  〃M。 d'Epernon came to Bordeaux;

where he found His Eminence very ill。  He visited him regularly every

morning; having two hundred guards to accompany him to the door of his

chamber。〃 … 〃Mémoires de Retz。〃 〃We came to the audience; M。 de

Beaufort and myself; with a corps of nobles which might number three

hundred gentlemen; MM。 the princes had with them nearly a thousand

gentlemen。〃 … All the memoirs of the time show on every page that

these escorts were necessary to make or repel sudden attacks。



'2'。  Mercier; 〃Tableau de Paris。〃 IX。  3。



'3'。  Leroi; 〃Histoire de Versailles;〃 Il。  21。  (70;000 fixed

population and 10;000 floating population according to the registers

of the mayoralty。)



'4'。  Warroquier; 〃Etat de la France〃 (1789)。  The list of persons

presented at court between 1779 and 1789; contains 463 men and 414

women。  Vol。  II。  p。  515。



'5'。  People were run over almost every day in Paris by the

fashionable vehicles; it being the habit of the great to ride very

fast。



'6'。  153;222;827 livres; 10 sous; 3 deniers。  ( 〃Souvenirs d'un page

de la cour de Louis XVI。;〃 by the Count d'Hézecques; p。  142。) … In

1690; before the chapel and the theater were constructed; it had

already cost 100;000;000; (St。  Simon; XII。  514。  Memoirs of Marinier;

clerk of the king's buildings。)



'7'。  Museum of Engravings; National Library。  〃Histoire de France

par estampes;〃 passim; and particularly the plans and views of

Versailles; by Aveline; also; 〃the drawing of a collation given by M。

le Prince in the Labyrinth of Chantilly;〃 Aug。  29; 1687。



'8'。  Memoirs; I。  221。  He was presented at court February 19; 1787。



'9'。  For these details cf。  Warroquier; vol。  I。  passim。  … Archives

imperiales; O1; 710 bis; the king's household; expenditure of 1771。  …

D'Argenson; February 25; 1752。  … In 1772 three millions are expended

on the installation of the Count d'Artois。  A suite of rooms for Mme。

Adelaide cost 800;000 livres。



'10'。  Marie Antoinette; 〃Correspondance secréte;〃 by d'Arneth and

Geffroy; III。192。  Letter of Mercy; January 25; 1779。  …  Warroquier;

in 1789; mentions only fifteen places in the house…hold of Madame

Royale。  This; along with other indications; shows the inadequacy of

official statements。



'11'。  The number ascertainable after the reductions of 1775 and

1776; and before those of 1787。  See Warroquier; vol。  I。  …  Necker;

〃Administration des Finances;〃 II。  119。



'12'。  〃La Maison du Roi en 1786;〃 colored engravings in the Museum

of Engravings。



'13'。  Arcchives nationales; O1; 738。  Report by M。 Tessier (1780);

on the large and small stables。  The queen's stables comprise 75

vehicles and 330 horses。  These are the veritable figures taken from

secret manuscript reports; showing the inadequacy of official

statements。  The Versailles Almanach of 1775; for instance; states that

there were only 335 men in the stables while we see that in reality

the number was four or five times as many。  … 〃Previous to all the

reforms; says a witness; I believe that the number of the king's

horses amounted to 3;000。〃 (D'Hézecques; 〃Souvenirs d'un page de Louis

XVI。;〃 p。  121。



'14'。  La Maison du Roi justifiée par un soldat citoyen;〃 (1786)

according to Statements published by the government。  … 〃La future

maison du roi〃 (1790)。  〃The two stables cost in 1786; the larger one

4;207;606 livres; and the smaller 3;509;402 livres; a total of

7;717;058 livres; of which 486;546 were for the purchase of horses。



'15'。  On my arrival at Versailles (1786); there were 150 pages; not

including those of the princes of the blood who lived at Paris。  A

page's coat cost 1;500 livres; (crimson velvet embroidered with gold

on all the seams; and a hat with feather and Spanish point lace。)〃

D'Hézecques; ibid。; 112。



'16'。  Archives nationales; O1; 778。  Memorandum on the hunting…train

between 1760 and 1792 and especially the report of 1786。



'17'。  Mercier; 〃Tableau de Paris;〃 vol。  I。  p。  11; vol。  V。  p。  62。  …

D'Hézecques; ibid。  253。  …  〃Journal de Louis XVI;〃 published by

Nicolardot; passim。



'18'。  Warroquier; vol。  I。  passim。  Household of the Queen: for the

chapel 22 persons; the faculty 6。  That of Monsieur; the chapel 22;

the faculty 21。  That of Madame; the chapel 20; the faculty 9。  That of

the Comte d'Artois; the chapel 20; the faculty 28。  That of the

Comtesse d'Artois; the chapel 19; the faculty 17。  That of the Duc

d'Orléans; the chapel 6; the faculty 19。



'19'。  Archives national; O1; Report by M。 Mesnard de Choisy;

(March; 1780)。  … They cause a reform (August 17; 1780)。  … 〃La Maison

du roi justifiée〃 (1789); p。  24。  In 1788 the expenses of the table are

reduced to 2;870;999 livres; of which 600;000 livres are appropriated

to Mesdames for their table。



'20'。  D'Hézecques; ibid。。  212。  Under Louis XVI。  there were two

chair…carriers to the king; who came every morning; in velvet coats

and with swords by their sides; to inspect and empty the object of

their functions; this post was worth to each one 20;000 livres per

annum。



'21'。  In 1787; Louis XVI。  either demolishes or orders to be sold;

Madrid; la Muette and Choisy; his acquisitions; however; Saint…Cloud;

Ile…Adam and Rambouillet; greatly surpassing his reforms。



'22'。  Necker; 〃Compte…rendu;〃 II。  452。  …  Archives nationales; 01;

738。  p。62 and 64; O1 2805; O1 736。  …  〃La Maison du roi Justifiée〃

(1789)。  Constructions in 1775; 3;924;400; in 1786; 4;000;000; in 1788;

3;077;000 livres。  …  Furniture in 1788; 1;700;000 livres。



'23'。  Here are some of the casual expenses。  (Archives nationales;

O1; 2805)。  On the birth of the Duc de Bourgogne in 1751; 604;477

livres。  For the Dauphin's marriage in 1770; 1;267;770 livres。  For the

marriage of the Comte d'Artois in 1773; 2;016;221 livres。  For the

coronation in 1775; 835;862 livre;。  For plays; concerts and balls in

1778; 481;744 livres; and in 1779; 382;986 livres。



'24'。  Warroquier; vol。  I。  ibid。;  …   〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by

d'Arneth and Geffroy。  Letter of Mercy; Sept。  16; 1773。  〃The multitude

of people of various occupations following the king on his travels

resembles the progress of an army。〃



'25'。  The civil households of the king; queen; and Mme。  Elisabeth;

of Mesdames; and Mme。  Royale; 25;700;000。  … To the king's brothers and

sisters…in…law; 8;040;000。  … The king's military household; 7;681;000;

(Necker; 〃Compte…rendu;〃 II。  119)。  From 1774 to 1788 the expenditure

on the households of the king and his family varies from 32 to 36

millions; not including the military household; (〃La Maison du roi

justiftiée〃)。  In 1789 the households of the king; queen; Dauphin;

royal children and of Mesdames; cost 25 millions。  … Those of Monsieur

and Madame; 3;656;000; those of the Count and Countess d'Artois;

3;656;000; those of the Dukes de Berri and d'Angoulême; 700;000;

salaries continued to persons formerly in the princes' service;

228;000。  The total is 33;240;000。  … To this must be added the king's

military household and two millions in the princes' appanages。  (A

general account of fixed incomes and expenditure on the first of May;

1789; rendered by the minister of finances to the committee on

finances of the National Assembly。)



'26'。  Warroquier; ibid;(1789) vol。  I。; passim。



'27'。  An expression of the Comte d'Artois on introducing the

officers of his household to his wife。



'28'。  The number of light…horsemen and of gendarmes was reduced in

1775 and in 1776; both bodies were suppressed in 1787。



'29'。  The President of the 5th French Republic founded by General

de Gaulle is even today the source of numerous appointments of great

importance。  (SR。)



'30'。  Saint…Simon; 〃Mémoires;〃 XVI。  456。  This need of being always

surrounded continues up to the last moment; in 1791; the queen

exclaimed bitterly; speaking of the nobility; 〃when any proceeding of

ours displeases them they are sulky; no one comes to my table; the

king retires alone; we have to suffer for our misfortunes。〃 (Mme。

Campan; II。  177。)



'31'。  Duc de Lévis; 〃Souvenirs et Portraits;〃 29。  … Mme。  de

Maintenon; 〃Correspondance。〃



'32'。  M。 de V …  who was promised a king's lieutenancy or command;

yields it to one of Mme。  de Pompadour's protégés; obtaining in lieu of

it the part of the exempt in 〃Tartuffe;〃 played by the seigniors

before the king in the small cabinet。  (Mme。  de Hausset; 168)。  〃M。

de V;…  thanked Madame as if she had made him a duke。〃



'33'。  〃Paris; Versailles et les provinces au dix…huitième siècle;〃

II。  160; 168。  … Mercier; 〃Tableau de Paris;〃 IV。  150。  … De Ségu
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