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16。 An Excellent Law

17。 A Law of Rhodes

18。 Of the Judges of Commerce

19。 That a Prince Ought Not to Engage Himself in Commerce

20。 The Same Subject Continued

21。 Of the Commerce of the Nobility in a Monarchy

22。 A Singular Reflection

23。 To What Nations Commerce Is Prejudicial

Book XXI。 Of Laws in Relation to Commerce�察�Considered in the Revolutions

It Has Met With in the World

1。 Some General Considerations

2。 Of the People of Africa

3。 That the Wants of the People in the South Are Different from those of the North

4。 The Principal Difference between the Commerce of the Ancients and the Moderns

5。 Other Differences

6。 Of the Commerce of the Ancients

7。 Of the Commerce of the Greeks

8。 Of Alexander�此�His Conquests

9。 Of the Commerce of the Grecian Kings after the Death of Alexander

10。 Of the Circuit of Africa

11。 Of Carthage and Marseilles

12。 The Isle of Delos。 Mithridates

13。 Of the Genius of the Romans as to Maritime Affairs

14。 Of the Genius of the Romans with Respect to Commerce

15。 Of the Commerce of the Romans with the Barbarians

16。 Of the Commerce of the Romans with Arabia�察�and the Indies

17。 Of Commerce after the Destruction of the Western Empire

18。 A Particular Regulation

19。 Of Commerce after the Decay of the Roman Power in the East

20。 How Commerce Broke Through the Barbarism of Europe

21。 The Discovery of Two New Worlds�察�and in What Manner Europe Is Affected by It

22。 Of the Riches Which Spain Drew from America

23。 A Problem

Book XXII。 Of Laws in Relation to the Use of Money

1。 The Reason of the Use of Money

2。 Of the Nature of Money

3。 Of Ideal Money

4。 Of the Quantity of Gold and Silver

5。 The Same Subject Continued

6。 Why Interest Was Lowered One Half after the Conquest of the Indies

7。 How the Price of Things Is Fixed in the Variation of the Sign of Riches

8。 The Same Subject Continued

9。 Of the Relative Scarcity of Gold and Silver

10。 Of Exchange

11。 Of the Proceedings of the Romans with Respect to Money

12。 The Circumstances in Which the Romans Changed the Value of Their Specie

13。 Proceedings with Respect to Money in the Time of the Emperors

14。 How Exchange Is a Constraint on Despotic Power

15。 The Practice of Some Countries in Italy

16。 The Assistance a State May Derive from Bankers

17。 Of Public Debts

18。 Of the Payment of Public Debts

19。 Of Lending upon Interest

20。 Of Maritime Usury

21。 Of Lending by Contract�察�and the State of Usury among the Romans

22。 The Same Subject Continued

Book XXIII。 Of Laws in the Relation They Bear to the Number of Inhabitants

1。 Of Men and Animals with Respect to the Multiplication of Their Species

2。 Of Marriage

3。 Of the Condition of Children

4。 Of Families

5。 Of the Several Orders of Lawful Wives

6。 Of Bastards in Different Governments

7。 Of the Father's Consent to Marriage

8。 The Same Subject Continued

9。 Of Young Women

10。 What It Is That Determines Marriage

11。 Of the Severity of Government

12。 Of the Number of Males and Females in Different Countries

13。 Of Seaport Towns

14。 Of the Productions of the Earth Which Require a Greater or Less Number of Men

15。 Of the Number of Inhabitants with Relation to the Arts

16。 The Concern of the Legislator in the Propagation of the Species

17。 Of Greece�察�and the Number of its Inhabitants

18。 Of the State and Number of People before the Romans

19。 Of the Depopulation of the Globe

20。 That the Romans Were under the Necessity of Making Laws to Encourage the Propagation of the Species

21。 Of the Laws of the Romans Relating to the Propagation of the Species

22。 Of the Exposing of Children

23。 Of the State of the World after the Destruction of the Romans

24。 The Changes Which Happened in Europe�察�with Regard to the Number of the Inhabitants

25。 The Same Subject Continued

26。 Consequences

27。 Of the Law Made in France to Encourage the Propagation of the Species

28。 By What Means We May Remedy a Depopulation

29。 Of Hospitals

Book XXIV。 Of Laws in Relation to Religion�察�Considered in Itself�察�and in Its Doctrine

1。 Of Religion in General

2。 A Paradox of M。 Bayle's

3。 That a Moderate Government Is Most Agreeable to the Christian Religion�察�and a Despotic Government to the Mahometan

4。 Consequences from the Character of the Christian Religion and That of the Mahometan

5。 That the Catholic Religion Is Most Agreeable to a Monarchy�察�and the Protestant to a Republic

6。 Another of M。 Bayle's Paradoxes

7。 Of the Laws of Perfection in Religion

8。 Of the Connection between the Moral Laws and Those of Religion

9。 Of the Essenes

10。 Of the Sect of Stoics

11。 Of Contemplation

12。 Of Penances

13。 Of Inexpiable Crimes

14。 In What Manner Religion Has an Influence on Civil Laws

15。 How False Religions Are Sometimes Corrected by the Civil Laws

16。 How the Laws of Religion Correct the Inconveniences of a Political Constitution

17。 The Same Subject Continued

18。 How the Laws of Religion Have the Effect of Civil Laws

19。 That It Is Not So Much the Truth or Falsity of a Doctrine Which Renders It Useful or Pernicious to Men in Civil Government�察�as the Use or Abuse of It

20。 The Same Subject Continued

21。 Of Metempsychosis

22。 That It Is Dangerous for Religion to Inspire an Aversion for Things in Themselves Indifferent

23。 Of Festivals

24。 Of the Local Laws of Religion

25。 The Inconvenience of Transplanting a Religion from One Country to Another

26。 The Same Subject Continued

Book XXV。 Of Laws in Relation to the Establishment of Religion and its External Polity

1。 Of Religious Sentiments

2。 Of the Motives of Attachment to Different Religions

3。 Of Temples

4。 Of the Ministers of Religion

5。 Of the Bounds Which the Laws Ought to Prescribe to the Riches of the Clergy

6。 Of Monasteries

7。 Of the Luxury of Superstition

8。 Of the Pontificate

9。 Of Toleration in Point of Religion

10。 The Same Subject Continued

11。 Of Changing a Religion

12。 Of Penal Laws

13。 A Most Humble Remonstrance to the Inquisitors of Spain and Portugal

14。 Why the Christian Religion Is So Odious in Japan

15。 Of the Propagation of Religion

Book XXVI。 Of Laws in Relation to the Order of Things Which They Determine

1。 Idea of This Book

2。 Of Laws Divine and Human

3。 Of Civil Laws Contrary to the Law of Nature

4。 The Same Subject Continued

5。 Cases in Which We May Judge by the Principles of the Civil Law�察�in Limiting the Principles of the Law of Nature

6。 That the Order of Succession or Inheritance Depends on the Principles of Political or Civil Law�察�and Not on Those of the Law of Nature

7。 That We Ought Not to Decide by the Precepts of Religion What Belongs Only to the Law of Nature

8。 That We Ought Not to Regulate by the Principles of the Canon Law Things Which Should Be Regulated by Those of the Civil Law

9。 That Things Which Ought to Be Regulated by the Principles of Civil Law Can Seldom Be Regulated by Those of Religion。

10。 In What Case We Ought to Follow the Civil Law Which Permits�察�and Not the Law of Religion Which Forbids

11。 That Human Courts of Justice Should Not Be Regulated by the Maxims of Those Tribunals Which Relate to the Other Life

12。 The Same Subject Continued

13。 In What Cases�察�with Regard to Marriage�察�We Ought to Follow the Laws of Religion�察�and in What Cases We Should Follow the Civil Laws

14。 In What Instances Marriages between Relatives Should Be Regulated by the Laws of Nature�察�and in What Instances by the Civil Laws

15。 That We Should Not Regulate by the Principles of Political Law Those Things Which Depend on the Principles of Civil Law

16。 That We Ought Not to Decide by the Rules of the Civil Law�察�When It Is Proper to Decide by Those of the Political Law

17。 The Same Subject Continued

18。 That It Is Necessary to Inquire Whether the Laws Which Seem Contradictory Are of the Same Class

19。 That We Should Not Decide Those Things by the Civil Law Which Ought to Be Decided by Domestic Laws

20。 That We Ought Not to Decide by the Principles of the Civil Laws Those Things Which Belong to the Law of Nations

21。 That We Should Not Decide by Political Laws Things Which Belong to the Law of Nations

22。 The Unhappy State of the Inca Athualpa

23。 That When�察�by Some Circumstance�察�the Political Law Becomes Destructive to the State�察�We Ought to Decide by Such a Political Law�察�as Will Preserve It�察�Which Sometimes Becomes a Law of Nations

24。 That the Regulations of the Police Are of a Different Class from Other Civil Laws

25。 That We Should Not Follow the General Disposition of the Civil Law in Things Which Ought to Be Subject to Particular Rules Drawn from Their Own Nature

Book XXVII。

1。 Of the Origin and Revolutions of the Roman Laws on Successions

Book XXVIII。 Of the Origin and Revolutions of the Civil Laws among the French

1。 Different Character of the Laws of the Several People of Germany

2。 That the Laws of the Barbarians Were All Personal

3。 Capital Difference between the Salic Laws�察�and Those of the Visigoths and Burgundians
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