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FAIRY TALES OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN
THE LITTLE MERMAID
by Hans Christian Andersen
FAR out in the ocean； where the water is as blue as the
prettiest cornflower； and as clear as crystal； it is very； very
deep； so deep； indeed； that no cable could fathom it： many church
steeples； piled one upon another； would not reach from the ground
beneath to the surface of the water above。 There dwell the Sea King
and his subjects。 We must not imagine that there is nothing at the
bottom of the sea but bare yellow sand。 No； indeed； the most
singular flowers and plants grow there； the leaves and stems of
which are so pliant； that the slightest agitation of the water
causes them to stir as if they had life。 Fishes； both large and small；
glide between the branches； as birds fly among the trees here upon
land。 In the deepest spot of all； stands the castle of the Sea King。
Its walls are built of coral； and the long； gothic windows are of
the clearest amber。 The roof is formed of shells； that open and
close as the water flows over them。 Their appearance is very
beautiful； for in each lies a glittering pearl； which would be fit for
the diadem of a queen。
The Sea King had been a widower for many years； and his aged
mother kept house for him。 She was a very wise woman； and
exceedingly proud of her high birth； on that account she wore twelve
oysters on her tail； while others； also of high rank； were only
allowed to wear six。 She was； however； deserving of very great praise；
especially for her care of the little sea…princesses； her
grand…daughters。 They were six beautiful children； but the youngest
was the prettiest of them all； her skin was as clear and delicate as a
rose…leaf； and her eyes as blue as the deepest sea； but； like all
the others； she had no feet； and her body ended in a fish's tail。
All day long they played in the great halls of the castle； or among
the living flowers that grew out of the walls。 The large amber windows
were open； and the fish swam in； just as the swallows fly into our
houses when we open the windows； excepting that the fishes swam up
to the princesses； ate out of their hands； and allowed themselves to
be stroked。 Outside the castle there was a beautiful garden； in
which grew bright red and dark blue flowers； and blossoms like
flames of fire； the fruit glittered like gold； and the leaves and
stems waved to and fro continually。 The earth itself was the finest
sand； but blue as the flame of burning sulphur。 Over everything lay
a peculiar blue radiance； as if it were surrounded by the air from
above； through which the blue sky shone； instead of the dark depths of
the sea。 In calm weather the sun could be seen； looking like a
purple flower； with the light streaming from the calyx。 Each of the
young princesses had a little plot of ground in the garden； where
she might dig and plant as she pleased。 One arranged her flower…bed
into the form of a whale； another thought it better to make hers
like the figure of a little mermaid； but that of the youngest was
round like the sun； and contained flowers as red as his rays at
sunset。 She was a strange child； quiet and thoughtful； and while her
sisters would be delighted with the wonderful things which they
obtained from the wrecks of vessels； she cared for nothing but her
pretty red flowers； like the sun； excepting a beautiful marble statue。
It was the representation of a handsome boy； carved out of pure
white stone； which had fallen to the bottom of the sea from a wreck。
She planted by the statue a rose…colored weeping willow。 It grew
splendidly； and very soon hung its fresh branches over the statue；
almost down to the blue sands。 The shadow had a violet tint； and waved
to and fro like the branches； it seemed as if the crown of the tree
and the root were at play； and trying to kiss each other。 Nothing gave
her so much pleasure as to hear about the world above the sea。 She
made her old grandmother tell her all she knew of the ships and of the
towns； the people and the animals。 To her it seemed most wonderful and
beautiful to hear that the flowers of the land should have
fragrance； and not those below the sea； that the trees of the forest
should be green； and that the fishes among the trees could sing so
sweetly； that it was quite a pleasure to hear them。 Her grandmother
called the little birds fishes； or she would not have understood
her； for she had never seen birds。
〃When you have reached your fifteenth year；〃 said the
grand…mother； 〃you will have permission to rise up out of the sea；
to sit on the rocks in the moonlight； while the great ships are
sailing by； and then you will see both forests and towns。〃
In the following year； one of the sisters would be fifteen： but as
each was a year younger than the other； the youngest would have to
wait five years before her turn came to rise up from the bottom of the
ocean； and see the earth as we do。 However； each promised to tell
the others what she saw on her first visit； and what she thought the
most beautiful； for their grandmother could not tell them enough；
there were so many things on which they wanted information。 None of
them longed so much for her turn to come as the youngest； she who
had the longest time to wait； and who was so quiet and thoughtful。
Many nights she stood by the open window； looking up through the
dark blue water； and watching the fish as they splashed about with
their fins and tails。 She could see the moon and stars shining
faintly； but through the water they looked larger than they do to
our eyes。 When something like a black cloud passed between her and
them； she knew that it was either a whale swimming over her head； or a
ship full of human beings； who never imagined that a pretty little
mermaid was standing beneath them； holding out her white hands towards
the keel of their ship。
As soon as the eldest was fifteen； she was allowed to rise to
the surface of the ocean。 When she came back； she had hundreds of
things to talk about； but the most beautiful； she said； was to lie
in the moonlight； on a sandbank； in the quiet sea； near the coast； and
to gaze on a large town nearby； where the lights were twinkling like
hundreds of stars； to listen to the sounds of the music； the noise
of carriages； and the voices of human beings； and then to hear the
merry bells peal out from the church steeples； and because she could
not go near to all those wonderful things； she longed for them more
than ever。 Oh； did not the youngest sister listen eagerly to all these
descriptions？ and afterwards； when she stood at the open window
looking up through the dark blue water； she thought of the great city；
with all its bustle and noise； and even fancied she could hear the
sound of the church bells； down in the depths of the sea。
In another year the second sister received permission to rise to
the surface of the water； and to swim about where she pleased。 She
rose just as the sun was setting； and this； she said； was the most
beautiful sight of all。 The whole sky looked like gold； while violet
and rose…colored clouds； which she could not describe； floated over
her； and； still more rapidly than the clouds； flew a large flock of
wild swans towards the setting sun； looking like a long white veil
across the sea。 She also swam towards the sun； but it sunk into the
waves； and the rosy tints faded from the clouds and from the sea。
The third sister's turn followed； she was the boldest of them all；
and she swam up a broad river that emptied itself into the sea。 On the
banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines； palaces and
castles peeped out from amid the proud trees of the forest； she
heard the birds singing； and the rays of the sun were so powerful that
she was obliged often to dive down under the water to cool her burning
face。 In a narrow creek she found a whole troop of little human
children； quite naked； and sporting about in the water； she wanted
to play with them； but they fled in a great fright； and then a
little black animal came to the water； it was a dog； but she did not
know that； for she had never before seen one。 This animal barked at
her so terribly that she became frightened； and rushed back to the
open sea。 But she said she should never forget the beautiful forest；
the green hills； and the pretty little children who could swim in
the water； although they had not fish's tails。
The fourth sister was more timid； she remained in the midst of the
sea； but she said it was quite as beautiful there as nearer the
land。 She could see for so many miles around her； and the sky above
looked like a bell of glass。 She had seen the ships； but at such a
great distance that they looked like sea…gulls。 The dolphins sported
in the waves； and the great whales spouted water from their nostrils
till it seemed as if a hundred fountains were playing in every
direction。
The fifth sister's birthday occurred in the winter； so when her
turn came； she saw what the others had not