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The Chignecto Isthmus And Its First Settlers
by Howard Trueman
1902
PREFACE。
For some years past I； in common with many others； have felt that all letters of interest and accessible facts in connection with the early history of the Truemans should be collected and put in permanent form； not because there is anything of interest to the general public in the records of a family whose members have excelled； if at all； in private rather than in public life； but in order that the little knowledge there is of the early history of the family might not pass forever out of the reach of later generations with the death of those whose memory carries them back to the original settlers。 In getting together material necessary for the work； numbers of interesting facts concerning other families came inevitably to light。 In order to preserve these facts； and at the same time give the book a slightly wider interest； I decided to write a short history of those families connected by marriage with the first and second generations of Truemans； and also； as far as material was available； of the first settlers in the old township of Cumberland； which now includes the settlements of Fort Lawrence； Westmoreland Point； Point de Bute； Jolicure； Bay Road； Bay Verte； Upper Tidnish and Port Elgin。 Finally； as a kind of setting for the whole； I have prefaced these records with a brief outline of the early history of the Isthmus。
That the work falls far below the ideal goes without saying。 Anyone who has made the effort to collect facts of local history knows how difficult it is to get reliable information。 In almost every case where there was a conflict of opinion I have endeavored to verify my facts by light thrown on them from different directions； but doubtless mistakes will be found。 By keeping the work in preparation for a longer time； more matter of interest could certainly be added； and perhaps corrections made； but to this there is no end； as the discovery of every new item of interest reveals a whole series more to investigate。
To all who have given me assistance warmest thanks are tendered。 To Dr。 Ganong； of Northampton； Mass。； Judge Morse； Amherst； W。 C。 Milner； Sackville； and Dr。 Steel of Amherst； grateful acknowledgment is especially due for their ready and cheerful help。 To Murdoch's Nova Scotia； Hannay's Acadia and to Dixon's and Black's family histories I have also been indebted。
INTRODUCTION。
This book needs no introduction to the people of the Isthmus； whom it will most interest。 I shall therefore attempt only to point out the plan the present work will take in the general history of Eastern Canada。
Mr。 Trueman does not profess to have attempted a complete history of the Isthmus。 The earlier periods； prior to the coming of the Yorkshiremen； are so replete with interest that a many times larger work than the present would be necessary for their full consideration； but Mr。 Trueman has treated them with sufficient fulness to show the historical conditions of the country into which the Yorkshiremen came。 It is the history of these Yorkshiremen and their descendants which Mr。 Trueman treats so fully and authoritatively； and withal； from a local standpoint； so interestingly； and his work is the more valuable for the reason that hitherto but little has been published upon this subject。 Some articles have appeared in local newspapers； and there are references to it in the provincial histories； but no attempt has hitherto been made to treat the subject as it deserves。 Those of us who are interested in history from a more scientific standpoint will regret that the material； particularly of the earlier part of the Yorkshire immigration could not have been more documentary and less traditional； but that it is as here given is not Mr。 Trueman's fault but a result of the nature of the case。 It is not impossible； by the way； that such documents may yet be discovered； perhaps in some still unsuspected archives。 It is to be remembered； however； that to a local audience； documents are of less interest than tradition； and the genealogical phases of history； here so fully treated； are most interesting of all。 Mr。 Trueman seems to have sifted the traditions with care； and he certainly has devoted to his task an unsurpassed knowledge of his subject； much loving labor； and no small enthusiasm。 I believe the local readers of his work will agree with me that this history could not have fallen into more appropriate hands。
It does not seem to me that Mr。 Trueman has exaggerated the part played by the Yorkshiremen and their descendants in our local history。 While it is doubtless too much to say that their loyalty saved Nova Scotia （then including New Brunswick） to Great Britain by their steadfastness at the time of the Eddy incident in 1776； there can be no doubt that it contributed largely to that result and rendered easy the suppression of an uprising which would have given the authorities very great trouble had it succeeded。 But there can be no question whatever as to the value to the Chignecto region； and hence to all this part of Canada； of this immigration of God…fearing； loyal； industrious； progressive Yorkshiremen。 Although they and their descendants have not occupied the places in life of greatest prominence； they have been none the less useful citizens in contributing as they have to the solid foundations of the upbuilding of a great people。
It is of interest in this connection to note that Mr。 Trueman's book； although preceded in Nova Scotia by several county histories； is for New Brunswick； with one or two exceptions （in Jack's 〃History of the City of St。 John；〃 and Lorimer's pamphlet； 〃History of the Passamaquiddy Islands〃） the first history of a limited portion of the Province to appear in book form； although valuable newspaper series on local history have been published。 May it prove the leader of a long series of such local histories which； let us hope； will not cease to appear until every portion of these interesting Provinces has been adequately treated。
W。 F。 GANONG。
CONTENTS。
CHAPTER I。 The Chignecto Isthmus
CHAPTER II。 The New England Immigration； 1755…1770
CHAPTER III。 The Yorkshire Immigration
CHAPTER IV。 The Eddy Rebellion
CHAPTER V。 The First Churches of the Isthmus
CHAPTER VI。 The Truemans
CHAPTER VII。 Extracts from Journal and Letters
CHAPTER VIII。 Prospect Farm
CHAPTER IX。 Families Connected by Marriage with the Second Generation of Truemans
CHAPTER X。 The First Settlers of Cumberland
CHAPTER I
THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS。
The discovery of America added nearly a third to the then known land surface of the earth； and opened up two of its richest continents。 If such an extent of territory were thrown into the world's market to…day； the rapidity with which it would be exploited and explored； and its wealth made tributary to the world's requirements； would astonish； if they were here； the men who pioneered the settlement of the new country and left so royal a heritage to their descendants。 To those who cross the Atlantic in the great ocean liners of our time； and think them none too safe； the fleet with which Sir Humphrey Gilbert crossed the sea to plant his colony in the new land must seem a frail protection indeed against the dangers of the western ocean。
Perhaps in no way can the progress made since the beginning of the nineteenth century be more forcibly brought before the mind than by comparing the immense iron steamships of the present day with the small wooden vessels with which commerce was carried on and battles were fought and won a hundred and fifty years ago。
The Isthmus of Chignecto separates the waters of the Bay of Fundy from those of Bay Verte； and constitutes the neck of land which saves Nova Scotia from being an island。 It is seventeen miles between the two bays at the narrowest point； and considering the town of Amherst the south… eastern limit； and the village of Sackville the north…western； it may be put down as a little less than ten miles in width。
The southern slope is drained by four tidal rivers or creeks； namely； La Planche； Missiquash； Aulac and the Tantramar。 These rivers empty into Cumberland Basin； and their general course is from north…east to south…west。 In length they are from twelve to fifteen miles； and run through narrow valleys； the soil of which is made up largely from a rich sediment carried by the tide from the muddy waters of the basin。 These valleys are separated from each other by ridges of high land ranging from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet above the sea level。
The Tidnish River； and several streams emptying into the Bay Verte； drain the Isthmus on its northern slope。 The Missiquash and Tidnish rivers； each for some part of its course； form the boundary between the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick。 The tides at the head of the Bay of Fundy rise to the height of sixty feet； or even higher； and are said to be the highest in the world。 The mud deposit from the overflow of these tidal waters； laid down along the river valleys； is from one foot to eighty feet deep； varying as the soil beneath rises and falls。
Between Sackville and Amherst