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the origins of contemporary france-2-第74章

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to outrank the other; and; on this occasion; a scene happened to

come under my eyes at Landivisiau which might have had a bloody

termination; but which turned out to be simply ridiculous。  A lively

dispute arose between three speakers to determine which should make

the first address。  They appealed to me to decide。  Not to offend

either of the parties; I decided that all three should speak at the

same time; which decision was immediately carried out。



'17' Decree of August 10…14; 1789。



'18' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of M。  de

Thiard; September 21; 1789。  〃The troops now obey the municipalities

only。〃  Also July 30th; August 11; 1790。



'19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of 31。  M。  de

Thiard; September 11 and 25; November 20; December 25 and 30; 1789。



'20' Buchez and Roux; V。304 (April; 1790)。 …  〃Archives Nationales;〃

Papers of the committee of Investigation; DXXIX。  I (note of M。

Latour…du…Pin; October 28; 1789)  … ? Buchez and Roux; IV。  3

(December 1; 1789); IV。  390 (February; 1790); VI。  179 (April and

May; 1790)。



'21' Mercure de France; Report of M。  Emery; sitting of July 21;

1790; Number for July 32。   〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3200。

Letter of the directory of Calvados; September 26 and October 20;

1791。



'22' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3207。  Letter of the minister

Dumouriez; June 15; 1792。  Report of M。  Caillard; May 29; 1792。



'23' Mercure de France; No。  for July; 1791 (sitting of the 6th);

Nos。  for November 5 and 26; 1791。



'24' Albert Babeau; 〃Histoire de Troyes;〃 vol。  I。  passim。   〃

Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3257。  Address of the Directory of Sa?ne…

et…Loire to the National Assembly; November 1; 1790。   F7; 3200。

Letter of the Directory of Calvados; November 9; 1791。   F 7;

3195。  Minutes of the meeting of the municipality of Aix; March 1;

1792 (on the events of February 26th); letter of M。  Villard;

President of the Directory; March 20; 1792。   F7; 3220。  Extracts

from the deliberations of the Directory of Gers; and a letter to the

King; January 28; 1792。  Letter of M。  Lafitau; President of the

Directory; January 30。  (He was dragged along by his hair and

obliged to leave the town。)



'25' Mercure de France; No。  for October 30; 1790。



'26' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3226。  Letter of the directory of

Indre to M。  Cahier; minister; December 6; 1791。   Letter of M。

Delessart; minister; to the directory of Indre; December 31; 1791。



'27' Fabre; 〃Histoire de Marseille;〃 II。  442。  Martin had but 3;555

votes; when shortly after the National Guard numbered 24;000 men。



'28' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letter of the minister; M。

de Saint…Priest; to the President of the National Assembly; May 11;

1790。



'29' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7 3196。  Letters of the military

commandant; M。  de Miran; March 6; 14; 30; 1790。



'30' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letter of M。  de Bournissac;

grand…privot; March 6;1790。



'31' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letters of M。  du Miran;

April 11th and 16th; and May 1; 1790。



'32' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Procés…verbal of events on

the 30th of April。



'33' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letters of the Municipality

of Marseilles to the National Assembly; May 5 and 20; 1790。



'34' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Order of the king; May10。

Letter of M。  de Saint…Priest to the National Assembly; May 11。

Decree of the National Assembly; May 12。  Letter of the Municipality

to the King。  May 20。  Letter of M。  de Rubum; May 20。  Note sent

from Marseilles; May 31。  Address of the Municipality to the

President of the Friends of the Constitution; at Paris; May 5。  In

his narration of the taking of the forts we read the following

sentence: 〃We arrived without hindrance in the presence of the

commandant; whom we brought to an agreement by means of the

influence which force; fear and reason give to persuasion。〃



'35' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196; Letter of M。  de Miran; May 5。

 The spirit of the ruling party at Marseilles is indicated by

several printed documents joined to the dossier; and; among others;

by a 〃Requéte à Desmoulins; procureur…général de la Lanterne。〃 It

relates to a 〃patriotic inkstand;〃 recently made out of the stones

of the demolished citadel; representing a hydra with four heads;

symbolizing the nobility; the clergy; the ministry and the judges。

〃It is from the four patriotic skulls of the hydra that the ink of

proscription will he taken for the enemies of the Constitution。

This inkstand; cut out of the first stone that fell in the

demolition of Fort Saint…Nicolas; is dedicated to the patriotic

Assembly of Marseilles。  The magic art of the hero of the liberty of

Marseilles; that Renaud who; under the mask of devotion; surprised

the watchful sentinel of Notre…Dame de la Garde; and whose manly

courage and cunning ensured the conquest of that key of the great

focus of counter…revolution; has just given birth to a new trait of

genius a new Deucalion; he personifies this stone which Liberty has

flung from the summit of our menacing Bastilles; etc。〃



'36' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7。  3198。  Letters of the royal

commissioners; April 13 and 5; 1791。



'37' De Ségur; 〃Memoires;〃 III; 482 (early in 1790)。



'38' De Dampmartin; I。  184 (January; 1791)。



'39' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of M。  de

Thiard (October 12; 1789)。



'40' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3250。  Minutes from the meeting of

the directory of the department。  March 28; 1792。  〃As the ferment

was at the highest point and fears were entertained that greater

evils would follow; M。  le Président; with painful emotion declared

that he yielded and passed the unconstitutional act。〃 Reply of the

minister; June 23: 〃 If the constituted authorities are thus forced

to yield to the arbitrary will of a wild multitude; government no

longer exists and we are in the saddest stage of anarchy。  If you

think it best I will propose to the King to reverse your last

decision。〃



'41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3250。  Letter of M。  Duport;

minister of justice; December 24; 1791。



'42' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3248; Report of the members of the

department; finished March 18; 1792。   Buchez and Roux; IX。  240

(Report of M。  Alquier)。



'43' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3268。  Extract from the

deliberations of the directory of Seine…et…Oise; with the documents

relating to the insurrection at Etampes; September 16; 1791。  Letter

of M。  Venard; administrator of the district; September 20  〃 I

shall not set foot in Etampes until the re…establishment of order

and tranquility; and the first thing I shall do will be to record

my resignation in the register。  I am tired of making sacrifices;

for ungrateful wretches。〃



'44' Moniteur; March 16; 1792。   Mortimer…Ternaux; 〃Histoire de la

Terreur〃 (Proceedings against the assassins of Simoneau); I。  381。



'45' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3226。  Letter and memorandum of

Chenantin; cultivator; November 7; 1792。  Extract from the

deliberations of the directory of Langeais; November 5; 1792

(sedition at Chapelle…Blanche; near Langeais; October 5; 1792)。



'46' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3105。  Report of the commissioners

sent by the National Assembly and the King; February 23; 1791。  (On

the events of December 12 and 14; 1790)  Mercure de France;

February 29; 5791。  (Letters from Aix; and notably a letter from

seven officers shut up in prison at Aix; January 30; 1791。) The

oldest Jacobin Club formed in February; 1790; was entitled 〃(Club

des vrais amis de la Constitution。〃 The second Jacobin club; formed

in October; 1790; was 〃composed from the beginning of artisans and

laborers from the faubourgs and suburbs。〃 Its title was〃 Société des

frères anti…politiques;〃 or 〃frères vrais; justes et utiles à la

patrie。〃 The opposition club; formed in December; 1790; bore the

title; according to some; of 〃Les Amis du Roi; de la paix et de la

religion;〃 according to others; 〃Les amis de la paix;〃 and finally;

according to another report; 〃Les Défenseurs de la religion; des

personnes et des proprietés。〃



'47' A special series of religious services。  (TR)



'48' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3195。  Letters of the commissioners;

March 20; February 11; May 10; 1791。











CHAPTER II。  SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS。



Under these conditions when passions are freed; any determined and

competent man who can gather a couple of hundred men may form a band

and slip through the enlarged or weakened meshes of the net held by

the passive or ineffective government。  An experiment on a grand

scale is about to be made on human society; owing to the slackening

of the regular restraints which have maintained it; it is now

possible to measure the force of the permanent instincts which

attack it。  They are always there eve
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