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the origins of contemporary france-2-第106章

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insensibly spreading among all the troops。  。  。  。  The troops are

all in a state of gangrene; while all the municipalities oppose the

orders they receive concerning the movements of troops。〃



'38' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H;1453。  Correspondence of M。 de

Bercheny; July 12; 1790。



'39' 〃Mémoire Justificatif〃 (by Grégoire); on behalf of two

soldiers; Emery and Delisle。   …  De Bouillé; 〃Mémoires。〃  …  De

Dampmartin; I。128; 144。  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105;

Correspondence of M。 de Thiard; July 2 and 9; 1790。   …  Moniteur;

sittings of September 3 and June 4; 1790。



'40' De Bouillé; p。  127。  … Moniteur; sitting of August 6; 1790;

and that of May 27; 1790。   …  Full details in authentic documents

of the affair at Nancy; passim。  …  Report of M。 Emmery; August 16;

1790; and other documents in Buchez and Roux; VII。  59…162。   …  De

Bezancenet; p。35。  Letters of M。 de Dommartin (Metz; August 4;

1790)。  〃The Federation there passed off quietly; only; a short time

after; some soldiers of a regiment took it into their heads to

divide the (military) fund; and at once placed sentinels at the door

of the officer having charge of the chest; compelling him to open it

(désacquer)。  Another regiment has since put all its officers under

arrest。  A third has mutinied; and wanted to take all its horses to

the market…place and sell them。 。  。  。  Everywhere the soldiers are

heard to say that if they want money they know where to find it。〃



'41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; letters of the Royal

Commissioners; September 27; October 1; 4; 8; 11; 1790。  the

commencement of the Revolution; had most to do with the

insurrections in the interior。  〃What means can four commissioners

employ to convince 20;000 men; most of whom are seduced by the real

enemies of the public welfare? In consequence of the replacing of

the men the crews are; for the most part; composed of those who are

almost ignorant of the sea; who know nothing of the rules of

subordination; and who; at the commencement of the Revolution; had

most to do with the insurrections in the interior。〃



'42' Mercure de France。  October 2; 1790。  Letter of the Admiral; M。

d'Albert de Rioms; September 16。  The soldiers of the Majestueux

have refused to drill; and the sailors of the Patriote to obey。   …

〃I wished to ascertain beforehand if they had any complaint to make

against their captain? …  No。   …  If they complained of myself?  …

No。   …  If they had any complaints to make against their officers ?

…  No。   …  It is the revolt of one class against another class;

their sole cry is 'Vive la Nation et les Aristocrates à la

lanterne!' The mob have set up a gibbet before the house of M。 de

Marigny; major…general of marines; he has handed in his resignation。

M。 d'Albert tenders his resignation。〃  …  Ibid; June 18; 1791

(letter from Dunkirk; June 3)。



'43' De Dampmartin; I。  222; 219。  Mercure de France; September 3;

1791。  (Sitting of August 23。)  …  Cf。  Moniteur (same date)。  〃The

Ancient Régime;〃 p。377。



'44' Marshal Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  24。  〃The sentiment I

entertained for the person of the King is difficult to define。  。  。

(It was) a sentiment of devotion of an almost religious character; a

profound respect as if due to a being of a superior order。  At this

time the word king possessed a magic power in all pure and upright

hearts which nothing had changed。  This delicate sentiment 。  。  。

still existed in the mass of the nation; especially among the well…

born; who; sufficiently remote from power; were rather impressed by

its brilliancy than by its imperfections。〃 De Bezancenet; 27。

Letter of M。 de Dommartin; August 24; 1790。  〃We have just renewed

our oath。  I hardly know what it all means。  I; a soldier; know only

my King; in reality I obey two masters; who; we are told; will

secure my happiness and that of my brethren; if they agree

together。〃



'45' De Dampmartin; I。  179。  See the details of his resignation

(III。  185) after June 20; 1792。  …  Mercure de France; April 14;

1792。 Letter from the officers of the battalion of the Royal

chasseurs of Provence (March 9)。  They are confined to their

barracks by their soldiers; who refuse to obey their orders; and

they declare that; on this account; they abandon the service and

leave France。



'46' Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires de 1791 à 1794; p。  106。  Letter of

M。 de Biron to the minister (August; 1792); p。225; letter of Vezu;

commander of the 3rd battalion of Paris; to the army of the north

(July 24; 1793)。   …  〃A Residence in France from 1792 to 1795〃

(September; 1792。  Arras)。  See notes at the end of vol。  II。  for

the details of these violent proceedings。



'47' Mercure de France; March 5; June 4; September 3; October 22;

1791。  (Articles by Mallet du Pan。 …  Ibid。  ; April 14; 1792。  More

than six hundred naval officers resigned after the mutiny of the

squadron at Brest。  〃Twenty…two grave revolts in the ports on

shipboard remained unpunished; and several of them through the

decisions of the naval jury。〃 〃There is no instance of any

insurrection; in the ports or on shipboard; or any outrage upon a

naval officer; having been punished。  。  。  。  It is not necessary

to seek elsewhere for the causes of the abandonment of the service

by naval officers。  According to their letters all offer their lives

to France; but refuse to command those who will not obey。〃



'48' This was done by Hitler against the Jews and by the Communists

against their 〃enemy〃 the bourgeois。  (SR。)



'49' Duvergier; 〃Decrees of August 1…6; 1791; February 9…11; 1792;

March 30 to April 8; 1792; July 24…28; 1792; March 28 to April 5;

1793。〃  …  Report by Roland; January 6; 1793。  He estimates this

property at 4;800 millions; of which 1;800 millions must he de…

ducted for the creditors of the emigrants; 3;000 millions remain。

Now; at this date; the assignats are at a discount of 55 per cent。

from their nominal figure。



'50' Mercure de France;; February 18; 1792。



'51' Already Tacitus noted some 2000 years ago that; 〃It is part of

human nature to hate the man you have hurt。〃 (SR。)



'52' Cf。  on this general attitude of the clergy; Sauzay; V。  I。

and the whole of V。  II。   …  Mercure de France; September 10; 1791:

〃No impartial man will fail to see that; in the midst of this

oppression; amidst so many fanatical charges of which the reproach

of fanaticism and revolt is the pretext; not one act of resistance

has yet been manifest。  Informers and municipal bodies; governed by

clubs; have caused a large number of non…jurors to be cast into

dungeons。  All have come out of them; or groan there untried; and no

tribunal has found any of them guilty。〃  …  Report of M。 Cahier;

Minister of the Interior; February 18; 1792。  He declares that 〃he

had no knowledge of any priest being convicted by the courts as a

disturber of the public peace; although several had been accused。〃

…  Moniteur May 6; 1792。  (Report of Fran?ais de Nantes) 〃Not one

has been punished for thirty months。〃



'53' On these spontaneous brutal acts of the Catholic peasants; cf。

〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3236 (Lozère; July…November; 1791)。

Deliberation of the district of Florac; July 6; 1791; and the

official statement of the commissioner of the department on the

disturbances in Espagnac。  On the 5th of July; Richard; a

constitutional curé; calls upon the municipality to proceed to his

installation。  〃The ceremony could not take place; owing to the

hooting; of the women and children; and the threats of various

persons who exclaimed: 'Kill him! strangle him; he is a Protestant;

is married; and has children;' and owing to the impossibility of

entering the church; the doors of which were obstructed by the large

number of women standing in front of them:〃… On the 6th of July; he

is installed; but with difficulty。  〃Inside the church a crowd of

women uttered loud cries and bemoaned the removal of their old curé

On returning; in the streets; a large number of women; unsettled by

the sight of the constitutional cure; turned their faces aside 。  。

。  and contented themselves with uttering disjointed words 。  …

without doing anything more than cover their faces with their

bonnets; casting themselves on the ground。〃  …  July 15。  The clerk

will no longer serve at the mass nor ring the bells; the curé;

Richard; attempting to ring them himself; the people threaten him

with ill…treatment if he runs the risk。   …  September 8; 1791。

Letter from the curé of Fau; district of Saint…Chély。  〃That night I

was on the brink of death through a troop of bandits who took my

parsonage away from me; after having broken in the doors and

windows。〃  …  December 30; 1791。  Another curé who goes to take

possession of his parsonage is assailed with stones by sixty women;

and thus pursued beyond the limits of the parish 。 …  August 5;

1791。  Petition of the constitutional bishop of Me
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