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re to fight against King Magnus Olafson； for his father Saint Olaf stood so near to him that his enemies； on that account。 never could do him harm。
ENDNOTES： （1） Hel Death： the goddess of Death。 L。
30。 BATTLE AT RE。
King Magnus immediately turned round with his army against Svein； whom he called his earl； although the Danes called him their king； and he collected ships； and a great force； and on both sides a great strength was assembled。 In Svein's army were many chiefs from Scania； Halland； Seeland； and Fyen； while King Magnus； on the other hand； had mostly Norway and Jutland men； and with that war…force he hastened to meet Svein。 They met at Re； near Vestland； and there was a great battle； which ended in King Magnus gaining the victory； and Svein taking flight。 After losing many people； Svein fled back to Scania； and from thence to Gautland； which was a safe refuge if he needed it； and stood open to him。 King Magnus returned to Jutland； where he remained all winter （A。D。 1044） with many people； and had a guard to watch his ships。 Arnor； the earls' skald； speaks of this：
〃At Re our battle…loving lord In bloody meeting stained his sword； At Re upon the western shore； In Vestland warrior's blood once more。〃
31。 BATTLE AT AROS。
Svein Ulfson went directly to his ships as soon as he heard that King Magnus had left his fleet。 He drew to him all the men he could； and went round in winter among the islands； Seeland； Fyen； and others。 Towards Yule he sailed to Jutland； and went into Limfjord； where many people submitted to him。 He imposed scat upon some； but some joined King Magnus。 Now when King Magnus heard what Svein was doing； he betook himself to his ships with all the Northmen then in Denmark； and a part of the Danish troops； and steered south along the land。 Svein was then in Aros with a great force； and when he heard of King Magnus he laid his vessels without the town； and prepared for battle。 When King Magnus heard for certain where Svein was； and that the distance between them was but short； he held a House…thing； and addressed his people thus： 〃It is reported to me that the earl and his fleet are lying not far from us； and that he has many people。 Now I would let you know that I intend to go out against the earl and fight for it； although； we have fewer people。 We will； as formerly； put our trust in God； and Saint Olaf； my father； who has given us victory sometimes when we fought； even though we had fewer men than the enemy。 Now I would have you get ready to seek out the enemy； and give battle the moment we find him by rowing all to attack； and being all ready for battle。〃 Thereupon the men put on their weapons； each man making himself and his place ready； and then they stretched themselves to their oars。 When they saw the earl's ships they rowed towards them； and made ready to attack。 When Svein's men saw the forces they armed themselves； bound their ships together； and then began one of the sharpest of battles。 So says Thiodolf； the skald：
〃Shield against shield； the earl and king Made shields and swords together ring。 The gold…decked heroes made a play Which Hild's iron…shirt men say They never saw before or since On battle…deck； the brave might wince； As spear and arrow whistling flew； Point blank； death…bringing； quick and true。〃
They fought at the bows； so that the men only on the bows could strike； the men on the forecastle thrust with spears： and all who were farther off shot with light spears or javelins； or war… arrows。 Some fought with stones or short stakes； and those who were aft of the mast shot with the bow。 So Says Thiodolf：
〃Steel…pointed spear； and sharpened stake； Made the broad shield on arm shake： The eagle； hovering in the air； Screamed o'er the prey preparing there。 And stones and arrows quickly flew； And many a warrior bold they slew。 The bowman never twanged his bow And drew his shaft so oft as now； And Throndhjem's bowmen on that day Were not the first tired of this play： Arrows and darts so quickly fly； You could not follow with the eye。〃
Here it appears how hot the battle was with casting weapons。 King Magnus stood in the beginning of the battle within a shield… rampart； but as it appeared to him that matters were going on too slowly； he leaped over the shields； and rushed forward in the ship； encouraging his men with a loud cheer； and springing to the bows； where the battle was going on hand to hand。 When his men saw this they urged each other on with mutual cheering； and there was one great hurrah through all the ships。 So says Thiodolf：
〃‘On with our ships！ on to the foe！' Cry Magnus' men on； on they go。 Spears against shields in fury rattle； Was never seen so fierce a battle。〃
And now the battle was exceedingly sharp； and in the assault Svein's ship was cleared of all her forecastle men； upon and on both sides of the forecastle。 Then Magnus boarded Svein's ship； followed by his men； and one after the other came up； and made so stout an assault that Svein's men gave way； and King Magnus first cleared that ship； and then the rest； one after the other。 Svein fled； with a great part of his people； but many fell； and many got life and peace。 Thiodolf tells of this：
〃Brave Magnus； from the stern springing On to the stem； where swords were ringing From his sea…raven's beak of gold Deals death around the brave！ the bold！ The earl's housemen now begin To shrink and fall： their ranks grow thin The king's luck thrives their decks are cleared； Of fighting men no more appeared。 The earl's ships are driven to flight； Before the king would stop the fight： The gold…distributor first then Gave quarters to the vanquished men。〃
This battle was fought on the last Sunday before Yule。 So says Thiodolf：
〃'Twas on a Sunday morning bright； Fell out this great and bloody fight； When men were arming； fighting； dying； Or on the red decks wounded lying。 And many a mabn； foredoomed to die； To save his life o'erboard did fly； But sank； for swimming could not save； And dead men rolled in every wave。〃
Magnus took seven ships from Svein's people。 So says Thiodolf：
〃Thick Olaf's son seven vessels cleared； And with his fleet the prizes steered。 The Norway girls will not be sad To hear such news each from her lad。〃
He also sings：
〃The captured men will grieve the most Svein and their comrades to have lost； For it went ill with those who fled； Their wounded had no easy bed。 A heavy storm that very night O'ertook them flying from the fight； And skulls and bones are tumbling round； Under the sea； on sandy ground。〃
Svein fled immediately by night to Seeland； with the men who had escaped and were inclined to follow him； but King Magnus brought his ships to the shore； and sent his men up the country in the night…time； and early in the morning they came flown to the strand with a great booty in cattle。 Thiodolf tells about it：
〃But yesterday with heavy stones We crushed their skulls； and broke their bones； And thinned their ranks； and now to…day Up through their land we've ta'en our way； And driven their cattle to the shore； And filled out ships with food in store。 To save his land from our quick swords； Svein will need something more than words。〃
32。 SVEIN'S FLIGHT。
King Magnus sailed with his fleet from the south after Svein to Seeland； but as soon as the king came there Svein fled up the country with his men； and Magnus followed them； and pursued the fugitives； killing all that were laid hold of。 So says Thiodolf：
〃The Seeland girl asks with fear； ‘Whose blood…bespattered shield and spear The earl's or king's up from the shore Moved on with many a warrior more？' We scoured through all their muddy lanes； Woodlands； and fields； and miry plains。 Their hasty footmarks in the clay Showed that to Ringsted led their way。
〃Spattered with mud from heel to head； Our gallant lord his true men led。 Will Lund's earl halt his hasty flight； And try on land another fight？ His banner yesterday was seen； The sand…bills and green trees between； Through moss and mire to the strand； In arrow flight； leaving the land。〃
Then Svein fled over to Fyen Island； and King Magnus carried fire and sword through Seeland； and burnt all round； because their men had joined Svein's troop in harvest。 So says Thiodolf：
〃As Svein in winter had destroyed The royal house； the king employed No little force to guard the land； And the earl's forays to withstand。 An armed band one morn he found； And so beset them round and round； That Canute's nephew quickly fled； Or he would have been captive led。
〃Our Throndhjem king in his just ire Laid waste the land with sword and fire； Burst every house； and over all Struck terror into great and small。 To the earl's friend